During the past years, intelligent technology has evolved(116)three generations. The first was characterized by tools such as pr

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问题 During the past years, intelligent technology has evolved(116)three generations. The first was characterized by tools such as prolog and OPS. prolog is a simple backward-chaining environment, and OPS is a simple forward-chaining environment. This led to the second generation of knowledge-engineering environments. Its goal was to model, prototype and construct(117)systems.All three generations were oriented toward generic(118)and represented generalized implementation environments for the construction of expert systems. knowledge bases and AI applications.Some of the solution-oriented products are also seamlessly integrated with generic knowledge-engineering environments, permitting end users to add(119) rules and objects, as well as predefined knowledge-based logic to address problems in manufacturing simulation.Marketplace orientation is rapidly(120)toward solution-oriented intelligent product environments. the fourth generation represents a new line of thinking and ’ develop-merit by commercial fu-ms. will reduce the cost risk and development time associated with problem solving.

选项 A、custom
B、knowledge
C、through
D、shifting

答案D

解析 过去几年中,智能技术已经压了古代演变。第一代以Prolog 和OPS这些工具为代表。Prolog是一个简单的反向链环境,而OPS是一个简单的前向链环境。这就导致了第二代知识工程环境,其目标是对其知识系统进行建模、原型化和构造。第三代则更多地关心运行要求、性能、数据库集成、连接性和计算机辅助软件工程——生产性工具。所有第三代均面向一般问题求解,代表着用于构造专家系统、知识库和人工智能应用的通用实现环境。某些面向专门求解的产品也同通用知识环境紧密结合,允许最终用户增加用户规则和对象,以及预定义的基于知识的逻辑以处理制造模拟问题。市场正迅速向着面向专门求解的智能产品环境方向转变。代表着商业企业新的思路和发展的第四代将降低同问题解有关的成本、风险和开发时间。
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