首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Humanities Disciplines In many people’ s eyes, the humanities disciplines seem to be dying out. However, actually, students
Humanities Disciplines In many people’ s eyes, the humanities disciplines seem to be dying out. However, actually, students
admin
2010-04-28
74
问题
Humanities Disciplines
In many people’ s eyes, the humanities disciplines seem to be dying out. However,
actually, students continue to enroll in humanities courses and lots of scholarship is
still published. The humanities disciplines feel dislocated, because they appear to have
lost their【1】______. And the most important one is exactly what those roots were. 【1】______
The history of higher education in the United States since【2】______can be divided 【2】______
into 2 periods.
Ⅰ. the first period (1945--1975):
a period of【3】______and known in the literature on American education as the 【3】______
Golden Age, during which the composition of the higher education system changed
not too much, but the size of the system【4】______dramatically. 【4】______
This expansion includes three factors:
1) the baby boom: a period of record【5】______that followed a period of record 【5】______
low birth rates--the【6】______and the Second World War; 【6】______
2) the relatively high domestic economic growth rate after【7】______; 【7】______
3) the Cold War: American university had been drawn into the business of
government-related【8】______research during the Second World War. 【8】______
Ⅱ. the second period (1975--present)
a period of【9】______, during which the size of the system has grown at a much 【9】______
more【10】______ pace and the composition has changed dramatically. 【10】______
【8】
Humanities Disciplines
Good morning, everyone. Today we are going to talk about humanities disciplines.
Many people say that the humanities disciplines have collapsed, but for the most part they do not say this with a huge amount of anxiety. Students continue to enroll in humanities courses; they continue to go to graduate schools so that they can some day teach humanities courses themselves, and a great deal of scholarship is still published. It is comforting to assume that as long as these conditions obtain, the disciplinary situation will shake itself out. I have no idea whether or not the complacent attitude will prove to be the wise attitude, though it often does. I do think, however, that the humanities disciplines are facing a crisis of rationale, and sooner or later crises of rationale can lead to crises of funding, and those, at least, are serious. The humanities occupy only a comer of the higher education marketplace, but it has historically been a very prestigious comer. Although no one is likely to take the trouble to cut the humanities disciplines off, there is some fear that the action, including the funding, is moving into areas of teaching and research that can demonstrate a more obvious market utility. The humanities disciplines don’ t seem m be dying out, but they do feel dislocated. They are institutionally insecure because they appear to have lost their philosophical roots. The question I attempt to address is exactly what those roots were in the first place.
The history of higher education in the United States since the Second World War can be divided into two periods. The first period, from 1945 to 1975, was a period of expansion. The composition of the higher education system remained more or less the same---in certain respects, the system became more uniform-- but the size of the system increased dramatically. This is the period known in the literature on American education as the Golden Age. The second period, from 1975 to the present, has not been honored with a special name. It is a period not of expansion, but of diversification. Since 1975, the size of the system has grown at a much more modest pace, but the composition-- who is taught, who does the teaching, and what they teach--has changed dramatically. You cannot understand the second phase, the phase the university is in now, unless you understand the first.
In the Golden Age, between 1945 and 1975, the number of American undergraduates increased by almost 500 percent and the number of graduate students increased by nearly 900 percent.
Three external factors account for this expansion: the first was the baby boom; the second was the relatively high domestic economic growth rate after 1948; and the third was the Cold War. What is sometimes forgotten about the baby boom is that it was a period of record high birth rates that followed a period of record low birth rates--- the Depression and the Second World War. When Americans began reproducing at the rate of four million births a year, beginning in 1946, it represented a sharp spike on the chart. The system had grown accustomed to abnormally small demographic cohorts.
The role played by the Cold War in the expansion of higher education is well known. The American university had been drawn into the business of government-related scientific research during the Second World War. At the time of the First World War, scientific research for military purposes had been carried out by military persodnel, so-called "soldier scientists". Then there was an idea to contract this work out to research universities, scientific institutes, and independent private laboratories instead. In 1945 was organized the publication of a report, Science---The Endless Frontier, which became the standard argument for government subvention of basic science in peacetime, and which launched the collabo ration between American universities and the national government. Bush is the godfather of the system known as contract overhead-- the practice of billing granting agencies of indirect costs, an idea to which many humanists owe their careers. Then, in 1957, came Spumik. Though it had the size and lethal potential of a beach ball, Sputnik stirred up a panic in the United States. Among the responses (including, possibly, the election of John E Kennedy in 1960) was the passage of the National Defense Education Act of 1958. The Act put the federal government, for the first time, into the business of subsidizing higher education directly, rather than through government contracts for specific research. Before 1958, public support had been administered at the state level.
选项
答案
scientific
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Z0qO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
A、Supplyofnative-bornscientistsandengineersexceedsthedemand.B、Scientistsandengineersinothercountrieshavespeciali
FormostthinkerssincetheGreekphilosophers,itwasself-evidentthatthereissomethingcalledhumannature,somethingthat
A、Theeffectofadvertisingonworldmarkets.B、Modernadvertisingtechniques.C、FormsofcommunicationintheAmericancolonies
Theterm"Americandream"wasfirstusedin【B1】______inanovelwrittenbyHoratioAlger:RaggedDick.Themessagewas:Nomatte
Psychologistshavemanytheoriestoexplainhowwerememberinformation.The【C1】______isthatmemoryworksasakindofstorage
HungerandfoodinsecurityhavebeencalledAmerica’s"hiddencrisis."Atthesametime,andapparentlyparadoxically,obesity
Whatmakesanartistgreat?Brilliantcomposition,nodoubt.Superbdraughtsmanship,certainly.Originalityofsubjectorofcon
Ifirstly【B1】______towritetheletterwhentheproducercalledbecauseFOOCwasaboutotherpeople’s【B2】______and【B3】______.
Accordingtotheauthorwhichofthefollowingisinevitable?Intheanimalkingdomthestruggleforexistence
WhichofthefollowingisNOTthefirm’srecruitmentrequirement?Wegettheimpressionfromthepassagethatinjobrecruitmen
随机试题
在某医院的科普活动中,小李准备使用演示文稿介绍关于水的知识。相关素材存放在考生文件夹下,参考“PPT参考效果.docx”中的示例,按下列要求帮助小李完成演示文稿的制作:按如下要求修改该幻灯片母版:①为演示文稿应用考生文件夹下名为“绿色.thm
绝大多数慢性淋巴细胞性白血病来源于
三部脉举之无力,按之空虚的是
维生素B2缺乏症除有口角炎外,还表现为
暴发型流脑(休克型)的典型表现不包括
【2014专业案例真题下午卷】某工厂10/0.4kV变电所,内设1000kV.A变压器一台,采用D,yn11接线。已知变压器的冲击励磁涌流为693A(0.1s),低压侧电动机自启动时的计算系数为2,该变电所远离发电厂,最大运行方式下,10kV母线的短路全电
招标文件中关于承包商责任范围和报价要求方面,投标人研究时应注意的是______。
《世说新语》是南北朝时期的一部记述东汉末年至东晋时豪门贵族和官僚士大夫的言谈轶事的书。它记述了自汉末到刘宋时名士贵族的逸闻轶事,主要为有关人物评论、清谈玄言和机智应对的故事。这本书是()主持编纂的。
某项目主要由A~I任务构成,其计划图(如下图所示)展示了各任务之间的前后关系以及每个任务的工期(单位:天),该项目的关键路径是()。在不延误项目总工期的情况下,任务A最多可以推迟开始的时间是()天。
UnlikemanyrecentinterpretationsofBeethoven’spianosonatas,therecitalist’sperformancewasadelightfullyfreeandintros
最新回复
(
0
)