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  3. What Affects the Size of Workforce Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and e

What Affects the Size of Workforce Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and e

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问题                   What Affects the Size of Workforce
   Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and earn income. 【B1】______
   Though the size of the workforce relies greatly on the size of the total population, there are several other aspects which also affect it.【B2】______If the population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too old to work, then the available workforce would be lower than if there were an evenly spread age distribution. If the population grows rapidly from natural increase, i. e. the number of births greatly exceeds (超过) the number of deaths, then as a total population increases, the proportion in the workforce declines.
  【B3】______Thus, more people retire from the workforce, and there are inadequate numbers of young people entering it to take place of those who are leaving it. The population is top-heavy with older people. So the percentage of the population in the workforce declines when there is either a rapid increase in births or a falling birth rate.
  【B4】______If the population is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering the workforce, this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social services to the retired group. If the aged are to be cared for in special homes or hotels, finance must be available for that purpose.
   If the size of the workforce is small relative to the total population, then the government tax receipts are relatively low. 【B5】______
   A. Sometimes a population is described as aging, which means that the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowly.
   B. This definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment, so it includes both employees and the self-employed.
   C. The age distribution of the population has several important influences on the economy.
   D. This means that the government has less money available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed more heavily.
   E. There are still really high wage gaps in the labor force.
   F. The age distribution of the total population has a very great effect on the available workforce.
【B2】
选项
答案F
解析 空格位于第二段中间，因此可以根据空格前后内容来推测应填句子内容。空格前讲到尽管劳动力的规模很大程度上取决于总人口的大小，但是还有其他一些影响劳动力规模的因素。由此推测，空格内容应该与影响因素有关。通过浏览选项，不难发现F选项“总人口的年龄分布对于可利用劳动力有着重大影响”与所给信息一致，而且句中的a very great effect on与前面的affect在词汇上相照应。因此F选项符合题意。
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