2. 外语
  3. 庙会(Temple fairs)的真正定型、完善是在明清以至近代。早期庙会仅是一种隆重的祭祀活动，随着经济的发展和人们交流的需要，庙会就在保持祭祀活动(sacrificial ceremonies)的同时，逐渐融入集市交易活动(market fairs)中

庙会(Temple fairs)的真正定型、完善是在明清以至近代。早期庙会仅是一种隆重的祭祀活动，随着经济的发展和人们交流的需要，庙会就在保持祭祀活动(sacrificial ceremonies)的同时，逐渐融入集市交易活动(market fairs)中

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问题     庙会(Temple fairs)的真正定型、完善是在明清以至近代。早期庙会仅是一种隆重的祭祀活动，随着经济的发展和人们交流的需要，庙会就在保持祭祀活动(sacrificial ceremonies)的同时，逐渐融入集市交易活动(market fairs)中。这时的庙会又得名为“庙市”，成为中国集市的一种重要形式。为了适应人们的需要，庙会上又增加了娱乐性活动，于是逛庙会成了人们不可缺少的过年内容。现在大多数中国城镇每年春节、元宵都举办庙会，热闹的庙会保留了许多传统习俗，深受人民群众的欢迎。
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答案 Temple fairs came to their maturity in the Ming and Qing dynasties up to the modern era. In their early stage, the temple fairs were only a kind of grand sacrificial ceremonies. Catering to the economic development and people’s needs for communication, the temple fairs, while maintaining the sacrificial purposes, gradually merged with market fairs and thus became "temple markets",an important form of Chinese markets. In order to meet the demands of the customers, temple fairs began to offer recreational activities, and paying a visit to a temple fair became a necessary folk custom of the Spring Festival. In most of Chinese cities and towns today, temple fairs are held regularly for the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival every year. These temple fairs, bustling with business and rife with colorful traditional customs, are a favorite of the Chinese people.
解析 1．第一句在翻译时，要注意“明清”和“近代”的翻译，“近代”可翻译为the modern era或modern times，切不可和the contemporary era混淆，其意为“当代”。
2．第二句是长句，其意思可以分为两个部分，所以采用拆译法，可以使句子简练、结构清晰。译文中就将原文的一句拆译成了两句。此外，本句是顺承发展的关系，所以采用顺译法即可。
3．“这时的”作为第三句的开头很显然与第二句的后半句为顺承关系，所以将其译为第二句的一个分句也未尝不可。译文中就翻译为and thus became“temple markets”，an important form of Chinese markets，这样显得全文更加紧凑。
4．最后两句属于一个意群，主要讲现代社会中庙会的发展情况。第四句含因果关系，所以在翻译时，切忌反复用because和so，译文中使用了in order to和and就显得结构灵活、用词丰富。
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