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  3. The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers larg

The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers larg

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问题     The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produced these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that decide how resources are used to produce it.
    An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to file demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in mm will lower the prize and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is a more regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
    The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a produce or to make a free contract with another private individual.
According to the passage, which statement is tree?
选项 A、If the product is in short supply compared with demand, the producers are unlikely to increase its production.
B、Producing more of a commodity results in elimination of parts of goods.
C、Consumers’ demands actually control the ’price of the commodity.
D、Price may reflect the relationship between supply and demand directly.
答案D
解析 文章的第二段主要说明市场经济中，供给，需求和价格之间的关系。选项A，如果供不应求生产者将不可能提高产量，这是明显错误的说法。选项B，如果供过于求将直接导致部分产品被销毁，这种说法也不正确。选项C，消费者的需求实际上控制了商品价格，这个选项很有迷惑性，但文章第二段提到，价格随着消费者的需求和销售商的供给之间的相对关系而升高或者降低，也就是说消费者的需求会影响商品价格但它不是决定因素。选项D，价格可以直接反映供需之间的关系，是正确选项。
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