首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Subfields of Linguistics The overlapping interests between the field of linguistics and other disciplines create several【T1】
Subfields of Linguistics The overlapping interests between the field of linguistics and other disciplines create several【T1】
admin
2017-03-20
38
问题
Subfields of Linguistics
The overlapping interests between the field of linguistics and other
disciplines create several【T1】______of linguistics.【T1】______
I. Sociolinguistics
Focusing on patterns and【T2】______in language within a society or【T2】______
community
Examining the way people use language to【T3】______in society and to【T3】______
achieve【T4】______【T4】______
II.【T5】______【T5】______
Studying language processing and its interaction with【T6】______mental【T6】______
processes, for instance, studies of children’s language acquisition and SLA
III. Computational Linguistics
Using computers in analyzing languages, stylistic studies and【T7】______,【T7】______
bringing forth machine translation systems and machines that【T8】______and【T8】______
produce speech and text
IV.【T9】______【T9】______
Employing linguistic theory and methods to improve SLA【T10】______,【T10】______
especially focusing on motivation,【T11】______, learning style and personality【T11】______
V.【T12】______Linguistics【T12】______
Examining the relationship between a culture and its language, the way cultures and languages have【T13】______over time【T13】______
VI. Philosophical Linguistics
Examining the philosophy of language, with one major concern to
analyze the【T14】______of possible word order combinations【T14】______
VII. Neurolinguistics
Studying how language is【T15】______and represented in the brain【T15】______
【T12】
Subfields of Linguistics
Good morning, we’ll continue our talk on linguistics. Last time we have got a general concept about linguistics. The scientific study of language is concerned with as well as the two main branches of linguistics: descriptive linguistics and comparative linguistics. With these as workout, today’s focus is on the subfields of linguistics.
As we know, the field of linguistics both borrows from and lends its own theories and methods to other disciplines. Many subfields of linguistics have expanded our understanding of languages. Linguistic theories and methods are also used in other fields of study.(1)These overlapping interests have led to the creation of several cross-disciplinary fields, namely sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, applied linguistics, anthropological linguistics, philosophical linguistics and neurolinguistics.
Let’s start with sociolinguistics.(2)Sociolinguistics is the study of patterns and variations in language within a society or community. It focuses on the way people use language to express social class, group status, gender, or ethnicity, and it looks at how they make choices about the form of language they use.(3/4)It also examines the way people use language to negotiate their roles in society and to achieve positions of power. For example, sociolinguistic studies have found that the way a New Yorker pronounces the phoneme /r/ in an expression such as "fourth floor" can indicate the person’s social class. According to one study, people aspiring to move from the lower middle class to the upper middle class attach prestige to pronouncing the /r/. Sometimes they even overcorrect their speech, pronouncing an /r/ where those whom they wish to copy may not.
Some sociolinguists believe that analyzing such variables as the use of a particular phoneme can predict the direction of language change. Change, they say, moves toward the variable associated with power, prestige, or other quality having high social value. Other sociolinguists focus on what happens when speakers of different languages interact. This approach to language change emphasizes the way languages mix rather than the direction of change within a community. The goal of sociolinguistics is to understand communicative competence—what people need to know to use the appropriate language for a given social setting.
(5)Next comes psycholinguistics, which merges the fields of psychology and(6)linguistics to study how people process language and how language use is related to underlying mental processes. Studies of children’s language acquisition and of second-language acquisition are psycholinguistic in nature. Psycholinguists work to develop models for how language is processed and understood, using evidence from studies of what happens when these processes go awry.
Thirdly, computational linguistics. Computational linguistics involves the use of computers to compile linguistic data, analyze languages, translate from one language to another, and develop and test models of language processing. Linguists use computers and large samples of actual language to analyze the relatedness and the structure of languages and to look for patterns and similarities.(7)Computers also aid in stylistic studies, information retrieval, various forms of textual analysis, and the construction of dictionaries and concordances.(8)Applying computers to language studies has resulted in machine translation systems and machines that recognize and produce speech and text. Such machines facilitate communication with humans, including those who are perceptually or linguistically impaired.
(9)The fourth subfield is called applied linguistics.(10)Applied linguistics employs linguistic theory and methods to improve overall efficacy in teaching and learning a second language. Linguists look at the errors people make as they learn another language and at their strategies for communicating in the new language at different degrees of competence.(11)In seeking to understand what happens in the mind of the learner, applied linguists recognize that motivation, attitude, learning style, and personality affect how well a person learns another language.
(12)The fifth is anthropological linguistics. It is also known as linguistic anthropology, which uses linguistic approaches to analyze culture.(13)Anthropological linguists examine the relationship between a culture and its language, the way cultures and languages have changed over time, and how different cultures and languages are related to one another. For example, the present English use of family and given names arose in the late 13 th and early 14 th centuries when the laws concerning registration, tenure, and inheritance of property were changed.
Coming up next is philosophical linguistics. Philosophical linguistics examines the philosophy of language. Philosophers of language search for the grammatical principles and tendencies that all human languages share.(14)Among the concerns of linguistic philosophers is the range of possible word order combinations throughout the world. One finding is that 95 percent of the world’s languages use a subject-verb-object(SVO)order as English does("She pushed the table. "). Only 5 percent use a subject-object-verb(SOV)order or verb-subject-object(VSO)order.
Finally, let’s refer to the neurolinguistics.(15)Neurolinguistics is the study of how language is processed and represented in the brain. Neurolinguists seek to identify the parts of the brain involved with the production and understanding of language and to determine where the components of language(phonemes, morphemes, and structure or syntax)are stored. In doing so, they make use of techniques for analyzing the structure of the brain and the effects of brain damage on language.
With that, we come to the end of today’s lecture. Hopefully you have all got a clear idea of these subfields of linguistics, including their different focuses and functions. Next time we’ll specifically target at applied linguistics and find out how this branch benefits SLA learners. Thank you for your attention.
选项
答案
Anthropological
解析
本题设题点在分论点处。根据句(12)可知,演讲者讨论的语言学的第五个分支是人类语言学,故答案为Anthropological。注意此处首字母要大写。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ZFzK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Bytheyear2100,globaltemperaturesareanticipatedtorisebybetween0.8and3.5degreeCelsius.Thatmaynotseemlikemuch
ConsiderationsofLearning-centeredTeachingI.IntroductionA.goalofmostcourses:toenhancestudents’understanding—differ
WithinEUprimaryeducation,aclearmajorityofpupilschoosetostudyEnglishlikeaforeignlanguage.Indeed,learningEnglis
TheoppositionNationalTransitionalCouncilthoughtColonelGaddafiwasmostlikelyin______.
A、notgethighprofitthereB、notgetprofitthereC、losetheirmoneyD、getintodebtC本题考查重要细节。根据句(9)可知,希腊的投资等级降为“垃圾级”,这意味着投资者在
Manythoughtfulparentswanttoshieldtheirchildrenfromfeelingsofguiltorshameinmuchthesamewaythattheywanttospa
Thoseerrorsoccurringasaresultoflearners’incorrectorpartialunderstandingofthetargetlanguageiscalled
ImprovingYourMotivationforLearningEnglishI.TheimportanceofthetechniquesforimprovingmotivationA.Necessityforlea
SexisminEnglishSexisminEnglishlanguagereflectsthetraditionalethicsthatmenaresuperiortowomen.Here,fouraspect
随机试题
政策维持可以区分为()
休克早期的表现有
中年男性,酗酒,呕吐,急腹症。检查左上腹压痛,疑为急性胰腺炎,应测血中哪个酶
林某。男,28岁。狂证日久不愈,面色暗滞而秽,躁扰不安,多言,恼怒不休,甚至登高而歌,妄思离奇,头痛,心悸而烦,舌暗有瘀,少苔,脉弦细。治疗宜
下列装修材料不属于按使用部位和功能分类的是()。
3月1日,某投资者开仓持有3张3月份的恒生指数期货合约多头头寸和2张4月份的恒生指数期货合约空头头寸,其开仓价分别为15125点和15200点,该日结算价分别为15285点和15296点。[2009年11月真题]3月2日,若该投资者继续持有上述头寸,该
多品牌战略的优点有()。
()是指物业管理法规调整物业管理社会关系和社会行为时所形成的相关主体间的权利、义务关系。
下列选项中属于典型紧急事件的是()。
ANSI/IEEE1471-2000是对软件密集型系统的架构进行描述的标准。在该标准中,(1)上这一概念主要用于描述软件架构模型。在此基础上,通常采用(2)描述某个利益相关人(Stakeholder)所关注架构模型的某一方面。(3)
最新回复
(
0
)