首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Environmental issues raise a host of difficult ethical questions, including the ancient one of the nature of intrinsic value. Wh
Environmental issues raise a host of difficult ethical questions, including the ancient one of the nature of intrinsic value. Wh
admin
2010-07-06
54
问题
Environmental issues raise a host of difficult ethical questions, including the ancient one of the nature of intrinsic value. Whereas many philosophers in the past have agreed that human experiences have intrinsic value and the utilitarians at least have always accepted that the pleasures and pains of non-human animals are of some intrinsic significance, this does not show why it is so bad if dodos become extinct or a rainforest is cut down. Are these things to be regretted only’ because of the loss to humans or other sentient creatures.9 Or is there more to it. than that? Some philosophers are now prepared to defend the view that trees, rivers, species (considered apart from the individual animals of which they consist), and perhaps ecological systems as a whole have a value independent of the instrumental value they may have for humans or other sentient creatures.
Our concern for the environment also raises the question of our obligations to future generations. How much do we owe to the future? From a social contract view of ethics or for the ethical egoist, the answer would seem to be: nothing. For we can benefit them, but they are unable to reciprocate.. Most other ethical theories, however, do give weight to the interests of coming generations. Utilitarians, for one, would not think that the fact that members of future generations do not exist yet is any reason for giving less consideration to their interests than we give to our own. provided only that we are certain that they will exist and will have interests that will be affected by what we do. In the case of. say, the storage of radioactive wastes, it seems clear that what we do will indeed affect the interests of generations to come.
The question becomes much more complex, however, when we consider that we can affect the size of future generations by the population policies we choose and the extent to which we encourage large or small families. Most environmentalists believe that the world is already dangerously over-crowded. This may well be so, but the notion of overpopulation conceals a philosophical issue that is ingeniously explored by Derek Parfit in Reasons and Persons (1984). What is optimum population? Is it that population size at which the average level of welfare will be as high as possible? Or is it the size at which the total amount of welfare — the average multiplied by the number of people — is as great as possible? Both answers lead to counter-intuitive outcomes, and the question remains one of the most baffling mysteries in applied ethics.
The proper title for this passage should be ______.
选项
A、A Mystery in Applied Ethics
B、Our Obligations to Future Generations
C、Environmental Ethics
D、Environmental Issues
答案
C
解析
主旨题。文章通篇论述的是环境问题引发的一个道德问题;自然的固有价值。作者对比了新老哲学家们的观点,讨论了我们对后代在环境上的义务问题及我们用人口政策影响后代人口数量等方面的伦理学问题,涉及的是环境与伦理学两个方面,因此最能概括全文主旨、用作文章标题的就是C 。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ZLDd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Somemoderncitiesareusuallyfamousforpeoplewholiveaverylongtime.
Forachild,happinesshasamagicalnature.Iremembermakinghide-outsinnewly-cuthay,playingcopsandrobbersinthewoods
Forachild,happinesshasamagicalnature.Iremembermakinghide-outsinnewly-cuthay,playingcopsandrobbersinthewoods
Withthewidespreadcomputers,thereisanincreaseinthenumberofpeoplemakinguseofInternet.SomepeoplebelievethatInt
WorldleadersmetrecentlyatUnitedNationsheadquartersinNewYorkCitytodiscusstheenvironmentalissuesraisedattheRio
Somepeopleclaimthatstayinginaplaceallone’slifeisgoodforone’sgrowth,whileothersdisagreewiththeview,andth
AccordingtotheAmericanAcademyofDermatology,anestimated10to50millionpeopleinthiscountryhaveanallergicreaction
ThespeakerthinksthattobeateacherismoredifficultthantobethepresidentoftheNEA.
随机试题
国家垄断资本主义的实质是【】
伤寒出现黑热病出现
B细胞表达的CD分子是
根据《招标投标法实施条例》规定,下列情形中,视为投标人相互串通投标的是()。
在EXCEL表格中输入数据时,按DEL键,插入点移到左边的单元格。()
目前,我国A股印花税率为单边征收,税率为()。
下列各项中,属于企业货币资金的有()。
材料1世界及西方大国对外直接投资状况(单位:亿美元)根据联合国《1997年世界投资报告》资料整理材料2全球经济使得世界上所有生存有道的经济单位,都能够在需要发展时攫取自己所需的任何东西。他们不再需要就近寻找资源,也不必再仰
This______bowlwasboughtfromChinaataratherhighprice,butitseemednoonecouldappreciateitsworth.
Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?
最新回复
(
0
)