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  3. Theories accounting for the physical process of color vision have undergone many changes since 1801, when Thomas Young first sug

Theories accounting for the physical process of color vision have undergone many changes since 1801, when Thomas Young first sug

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问题     Theories accounting for the physical process of color vision have undergone many changes since 1801, when Thomas Young first suggested that three types of cone in the retina respond to stimulus from red, green and blue light, or a mixture of these three basic colors. This concept of "additive" color has been retained with modifications made, as new discoveries of the eye’s functions have been uncovered. Today, the most popular theory is that there are color opponent cells in the eye that work to excite response to one basic color and inhibit another, while achromatic cells respond to whiteness or darkness. The interactions between these cells produce the huge range of colors that we see.
    When it comes to naming these colors, however, an entirely different process takes over language. At one stage it was believed that language defined how one viewed the world, by restricting perceptions to terms available within each language. Thus the Dani people of New Guinea were thought to see everything literally in black and white, as these were the only color terms within their language.
    Experiments over a wide range of colors, however, showed that there were 11 basic color terms. In English these colors are black, white, red, yellow, green, blue, brown, purple, pink, gray, and orange. In any culture with less than these 11 basic terms, such as the Dani, the choice of basic names will follow the order above. What was striking about the study was that the Dani were able to perceive color variations as ably as anyone from a culture with the full number of basic color terms. This led researchers to the unsurprising conclusion that although languages differ, perceptions remain identical.
How many different kinds of cells are there thought to be in today’s theory of color vision?
选项 A、One
B、Two
C、Three
D、Four
答案B
解析 文章第一段提到：the most popular theory is that there are color opponent cells…while achromatic cells，由此可知，应有两种细胞，故应选B。
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