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  3. The month of your birth influences your risk of developing dementia. Although the effect is small compared to risk factors such

The month of your birth influences your risk of developing dementia. Although the effect is small compared to risk factors such

admin2022-10-23  41
问题     The month of your birth influences your risk of developing dementia. Although the effect is small compared to risk factors such as obesity, it may show how the first few months of life can affect cognitive health for decades to come.
    Demographers Gabriele Doblhammer and Thomas Fritze from the University of Rostock, Germany, studied data from the Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse—Germany’s largest public health insurer—for nearly 150000 people aged 65 and over. After adjusting for age, they found that those born in the three months from December to February had a 7 percent lower risk of developing dementia than those born in June to August, with the risk for other months falling in between.
    There’s nothing astrological about the effect, however. Instead, the birth month is a marker for environmental conditions such as weather and nutrition, says Gerard van den Berg, an economist at the University of Bristol, UK, who studies the effects of economic circumstances on health. Summer-born babies are younger when they face the respiratory infections of their first winter, for example. And in the past, babies born in spring and summer would have been in late gestation when the supply of fresh fruit and vegetables from the autumn harvest would have largely run out. Pollution from wood fires or coal heating might also have played a role.
    An estimated 37 million people worldwide suffer from dementia, and that number is expected to double every 20 years, say the researchers. But although you can’t change your birth month, as far your individual dementia risk is concerned, " it also matters what you do during the rest of your life", Doblhammer says.
    The researchers say the study can’t tell us anything directly about the mechanisms underlying the correlation between birth month and later dementia risk—but they point to several possibilities. For example, poor nutrition might impact directly on brain development at a critical time. It’s also known that infections brought on by poor nutrition or experienced very early in life—for instance, in a baby’s first full winter—might cause epigenetic changes that affect metabolism and inflammation levels throughout life. This would increase the risk of chronic conditions such as obesity and high blood pressure, which are known to increase the risk of dementia.
    Lifestyle changes aimed at lowering dementia risk are often aimed at people in mid or later life. But Doblhammer says tackling the rising incidence of dementia may require early-life interventions too—for example, programmes to improve the nutritional health of young mothers. Tom Russ, a psychiatrist at the Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre in Edinburgh, UK, agrees. "It is never too early to start thinking about reducing the risk of developing dementia, " he says.
What does Paragraph Five reveal?
选项 A、Underlying enlightenment of the study.
B、The correlation between birth months and dementia.
C、The analysis about limitations of the study.
D、The possible research direction of further study.
答案A
解析 由题干中的Paragraph Five定位至第五段。推理判断题。在第五段中作者指出，这项研究不能直接告诉我们出生月份与之后患痴呆症风险的相关性机制，但可以知道不同月份的环境和营养因素会影响终生新陈代谢和炎症的水平，可见答案为A。
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