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  3. Though agreeing with Descartes that consciousness and extension are qualitatively distinct, Spinoza’s dual-aspect theory

Though agreeing with Descartes that consciousness and extension are qualitatively distinct, Spinoza’s dual-aspect theory

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问题        Though agreeing with Descartes that consciousness and extension are
       qualitatively distinct, Spinoza’s dual-aspect theory denied that consciousness
       and extension are inherent characteristics of two finite substances, treating
Line     them instead as attributes of the infinite substance of a transcendent
(5)      intelligence. While mental occurrences can dictate only other mental
       occurrences and physical motions can determine only other physical motions,
       mind and body exist in pre-established coordination, since the same self-
       consistent intelligence establishes affinities and connections within both classes.
       Another alternative, psychophysical parallelism, retains both the dualism of
(10)     mind and body and the notion of a regular correlation between mental and
       physical events, but avoids any assumption of causal mind-body connection,
       direct or indirect. Psychophysical parallelism eschews interactionism, stating
       that mental and physical could not possibly affect one another, and also rejects
       occasionalism and dual-aspect theory on the grounds that no third entity,
(15)     including a transcendent intelligence,  could be responsible for such vastly
       different effects. Parallelists accept only pure correlations, not causation,
       between mental and physical events.
According to the passage, which of the following events is most analogous to the relationship between thought and event articulated by psychophysical parallelism?
选项 A、A man looks in a mirror and, as a result, of the effect of cognition, sees his own reflections.
B、One thought in a sentient entity leads, by virtue of the stream of consciousness, to another thought.
C、A match is struck, and through the effects of a physical law, it ignites into flame.
D、Every time a pingpong ball is bounced, a tree falls, but through no causal relationship.
E、A human being makes a mental judgment based on physical phenomena he has observed.
答案D
解析
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