首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
The idea of ownership is everywhere. Title deeds establish and protect ownership of our houses, while security of property is as
The idea of ownership is everywhere. Title deeds establish and protect ownership of our houses, while security of property is as
admin
2014-02-27
64
问题
The idea of ownership is everywhere. Title deeds establish and protect ownership of our houses, while security of property is as important to the proprietors of Tesco and Sainsbury’s as it is to their customers. However, there is a profound problem when it comes to so-called intellectual property(IP)— which requires a strong lead from government, and for which independent advice has never been more urgently required.
The myth is that IP rights are as important as our rights in castles, cars and corn oil. IP is supposedly intended to encourage inventors and the investment needed to bring their products to the clinic and marketplace. In reality, patents often suppress invention rather than promote it: drugs are "evergreened" when patents are on the verge of running out — companies buy up the patents of potential rivals in order to prevent them being turned into products. Moreover, the prices charged, especially for pharmaceuticals, are often grossly in excess of those required to cover costs and make reasonable profits.
IP rights are beginning to penetrate into every area of scientific endeavour. Even in universities, science and innovation, which have already been paid for out of the public purse, are privatised and resold to the public via patents acquired by commercial interests. The drive to commercialise science has overtaken not only applied research but also "blue-skies" research, such that even the pure quest for knowledge is deteriorated by the need for profit.
The fruits of science and innovation have nourished our society and economy for years, but nations unable to navigate our regulatory system are often excluded, as are vulnerable individuals. We need to consider how to balance the needs of science as an industry with the difficulty of those who desperately need the products of science.
Clearly it is vitally important that we continue to protect science and enable it to flourish. Science and the many benefits that science has produced have played a crucial part in our history and produced vast improvements to human welfare. It would be negligent of us if we failed to recognise the importance of science as an industry and investment in research to national and regional economic development; but against these economic concerns an overriding consideration must be the interests of the public and of humanity present and future. Science as an industry may be booming, but the benefits of science need to be more efficiently and more cheaply placed in the service of the public.
For science to continue to flourish, it is necessary that the knowledge it generates be made freely and widely available. IP rights have the tendency to block access to knowledge and the free exchange of ideas that is essential to science. So, far from stimulating innovation and the dissemination of the benefits of science, IP all too often hampers scientific progress and restricts access to its products.
It can be learned from the text that patents are sometimes purchased to______.
选项
A、attract more investment from all shareholders
B、make the cost of certain drugs lower than usual
C、expand markets in this highly competitive era
D、keep them from being put into actual production
答案
D
解析
根据题干的提示patents are sometimes purchased,我们可以确定第二段第三句:In reality,patents often suppress invention rather than promote it:drugsare“evergreened”when patents are on the verge of running out—companiesbuy up the patents of potential rivals in order to prevent them being turned intoproducts.划线部分尤其重要。D中的短语keep…from等同句中的prevent。选项A的动词部分出现在上一个句子,与问题无关。选项B则出现在本段最后一句,也与问题无关。选项C表达相反的信息,不是现实中的做法。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ZXO4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Cambridgehasannouncedplanstoestablishabusinessschool______themaster’sdegreeinbusinessadministration.
Itakethismedicinetwiceaday;itshould______mycold.
Writeanessayof160200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)
Nuclearpower’sdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:radiation.Nuclearradiationha
[A]Communicationmakesbothpartyknowmoreabouteachotherwhichmakeanagreement.[B]Theargumentitselfcannotexpan
TeachforAmerica(TFA)wasfoundedbyWendyKoppin1990.Itisanon-profitorganisationthatrecruitstop-notchgraduatesfro
Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercial
Theprotectionofculturaldiversityfromapoliticalandeconomicpointofviewinfactbecamepressingwithglobalization,whi
GeneralWesleyClarkrecentlydiscoveredaholeinhispersonalsecurity—hiscellphone.Aresourcefulblogger,hopingtocall
随机试题
A.1~2年B.2~4年C.3~12个月D.1~2周E.2~3天骨性愈合期在骨折后多久
中药的作用包括
从项目周期阶段各项工作运行和管理角度,可以把项目的内部管理分为()两个层次。
按照《巴塞尔新资本协议》,银行的表内外资产可以分为()两大类。
自由竞争的资本主义在19世纪()发展到鼎盛时期。
下列计算正确的是()。
根据《中华人民共和国城市居民委员会组织法》的规定,居民委员会成员之间的关系是()。
社会监督是公安机关以外的公民对公安机关及其人民警察执法活动的监督。()
WhywastheStatueofLibertyclosedin2001?
OxfordandCambridgeUniversityBoatClubshavebothtakentheopportunitytotraveltoSpainthismonthtotraininlesstestin
最新回复
(
0
)