首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
(1) Two sides almost never change: That you can manipulate people into self-sufficiency and that you can punish them into good c
(1) Two sides almost never change: That you can manipulate people into self-sufficiency and that you can punish them into good c
admin
2022-02-01
61
问题
(1) Two sides almost never change: That you can manipulate people into self-sufficiency and that you can punish them into good citizenship.
(2) The first manifests itself in our tireless search for the magical level at which welfare grants are big enough to meet basic needs but small enough to make low-paid work attractive. The second has us looking to the criminal justice system to cure behavior that is as much as anything the result of despair.
(3) The welfare example is well known. We don’t want poor people to live in squalor or their children to be malnourished. But we also don’t want to subsidize the indolence of people who are too lazy to work. The first impulse leads us to provide housing, food stamps, medical care and a cash stipend for families in need. The second gets us to think about "workforce".
(4) We’ve been thinking about it for two reasons: the "nanny" problems of two high-ranking government officials (who hired undocumented foreigners as household helpers, presumably because they couldn’t find Americans to do the work) and President Clinton’s proposal to put a two-year limit on welfare.
(5) Maybe something useful will come of Clinton’s idea, but I’m not all that hopeful. It looks to me like one more example of trying to manipulate people into taking care of themselves.
(6) On the criminal justice side, we hope to make punishment tough enough to discourage crime but not so tough as to clog our prisons with relatively minor offenders. Too short a sentence, we fear, will create contempt for the law. Too long a sentence will take up costly space better used for the violent and unremorseful.
(7) Not only can we never find the "perfect" punishment, our search for optimum penalties is complicated by our desire for fairness: to let the punishment fit the crime.
The problem is that almost any punishment - even the disgrace of being charged with a crime - is sufficient to deter the middle class, while for members of the underclass, probation may be translated as " I beat it."
(8) So how can you use the system - welfare or criminal justice - to produce the behavior we want? The answer, I suspect is: You can’t.
(9) We keep trying to use welfare and prison to change people - to make them think and behave the way we do - when the truth is the incentives work only for those who already think the way we do: who view today’s action with an eye on the future.
(10) We will take lowly work (if that is all that’s available) because we believe we can make bad jobs work for us. We avoid crime not because we are better people but because we see getting caught as a future-wrecking disaster. We are guided by a belief that good things will happen for us in the future if we take proper care of the present. Even under the worst of circumstances, we believe we are in control of our lives.
(11) And we have trouble understanding that not everybody believes as we believe. The welfare rolls, the prisons and the mean streets of our cities are full of people who have given up on their future. Without hope for the future, hard work at a low-paid job makes no sense. Working hard in school, or pleasing a boss, or avoiding pregnancy makes no sense. The deadly disease is hopelessness. The lawlessness and poverty are only the obvious symptoms.
(12) I’m not advocating that we stop looking for incentives to move poor people toward self-sufficiency or that we stop punishing people for criminal behavior. There will always be some people who need help and some who deserve to be in jail.
(13) All I’m saying is that the long-term answer both to welfare and the crime that plagues our communities is not to fine tune the welfare and criminal justice system but to prevent our children from getting the disease of despair.
(14) If we encourage our young people to believe in the future, and give them solid evidence for believing, we’ll find both crime and poverty shrinking to manageable proportions.
It can be inferred from Para. 7 that optimum penalties are________to the underclass.
选项
A、hopeless
B、useless
C、frightening
D、humiliating
答案
B
解析
推断题。根据第七段,我们知道对于中产阶级来说,仅仅被起诉就已经可以威慑他们了,但是对于下层阶级却毫无用处,故选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ZqtK777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetw
Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshaveconcludedthatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomedis
Storiespeoplehavewithreadingarenotnew,butthetrendisworsening.Recently,arecordhasshownthat10percentofthefr
Storiespeoplehavewithreadingarenotnew,butthetrendisworsening.Recently,arecordhasshownthat10percentofthefr
A.becauseB.experienceC.pushedintoD.objectionsE.protestedF.complaintsG.opposeH.losingI.thatJ.successful
Theclauseinthesentence"Thenewsthathewillcomebackistrue"is
WhichofthefollowingsentencesisanORDER?
A、Asearlyaspossible.B、48hoursinadvance.C、24hoursinadvance.D、6hoursinadvance.B细节题。对话中图书管理员说:“Mostpeopletendto
A、Educationforyoungpeople.B、Raisingpriceofcigarettes.C、Makingrules.D、Reducingtheproductionofcigarettes.A信息题。当提到解决
Listentothefollowingpassage.Altogetherthepassagewillbereadtoyoufourtimes.Duringthefirstreading,whichwillbe
随机试题
内部过电压的产生是由于系统的电磁能量发生瞬间突变引起的。()
以下不宜手术治疗的疾病是
A.半夏B.竹茹C.百部D.白芥子E.白果胸脘痞闷,梅核气,瘿瘤痰核,痈疽肿毒
患者,女性,75岁。3年前诊断肺源性心脏病,近1周来咳嗽、咳痰、喘息加重,双下肢水肿。体检:肺内多量湿啰音,心率110次/分,肝肋下3cm,双下肢水肿。白细胞计数及中性粒细胞分类均增高。血气分析:pH7.35,PaO250mmHg,PaCO278mmHg,
由钻探取得某原状土样,经试验测得土的天然重度γ=17kN/m3,含水量ω=13.2%,土粒相对密度ds=2.69。土的干重力密度γd最接近______。
室内消火栓的间距应由计算确定,对于消火栓按1支消防水枪的1股充实水柱布置的建筑物,消火栓的布置间距不应大于()m。
物流系统是由运输、仓储、包装、装卸搬运、配送、流通加工、物流信息等各环节所组成的,这些环节也称为物流的子系统。()
平静:讲述
在研究的某一时期内或特定时间点上发生的各种社会事件都可能影响被试的行为,从而混淆实验处理的效果。这种影响研究内部效度的因素属于()。[统考2016]
_________类型是数字数据类型的特殊类型,多用于存储货币值,在输入数据时,不必键入人民币符号和千位分隔符,系统会自动将其显示,并在其后面添加两位小数。如果小数部分多于两位时,系统会对数据进行_________。其最多可存储8个字节。
最新回复
(
0
)