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  3. If you are interested in job creation—and who isn’t this days? —you should talk to someone like Morris Panner. In 1999, Panner a

If you are interested in job creation—and who isn’t this days? —you should talk to someone like Morris Panner. In 1999, Panner a

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问题    If you are interested in job creation—and who isn’t this days? —you should talk to someone like Morris Panner. In 1999, Panner and some others started a Boston software company called Ope-nAir. By 2008 they sold it for $31 million. The firm had then grown to about 50 workers. It turns out that entrepreneurship (essentially, the funding of new companies) is crucial to the job creation. Of course, Panner’ s success is often a slog.
   What’ s the frustrating and perplexing about the present job dearth is that the US economy has long been a phenomenal employment machine. Here is a record: 83 million jobs are added from 1960 to 2007, with only six year of declines. Conventional analysis blames today’s poor performance on weak demand. Because people aren’t buying, businesses aren’t hiring. Though true, this omits the vital role of entrepreneurship.
   In any given year, employment may reflect the ups and downs of the business cycle. But over longer periods, almost all job growth comes from new businesses. The reason: the high death rate of exiting firms. Even successful firms succumb to threats: new competitions and technology; mature market; the death of flinders; shifting consumers’ tastes; poor management and unprofitability. A company founded today has an 80% chance of disappearing over the next quarter century, reports a study by Dane Stangler and Paul Kedrosky of the Kauffman Foundation.
   True, some blue-chips firms endure. Four fifth of the Fortune 500 were founded before 1970. But they are exception, and many blue chips have died.
   The debate over whether small or big firms create more jobs is misleading. The real distinction is between new and old. American workers are roughly split between firms with fewer or more than 500 employees. In healthy times, older companies of all sizes do create a lot of jobs. But they also lose jobs, as some businesses shrink or vanish. On balance, job creation and destruction cancel. All the network increases occur among startups, finds a study of the 1992—2005 period by economists John Haltiwanger of university of Maryland and Ron Jarmin and Javier Miranda of the Census Bureau.
   To be sure, entrepreneurship has a downside: booms and busts. Remember the dotcom "bubble", but more damaging are widespread popular misconceptions about what it isn’t the engine of job adding. Although the entrepreneurial instinct seems powerful and American ambition and creative, venture capital for startups is scarce and that political leaders seem largely oblivious to burdensome government policies. This needs to be addressed. Entrepreneurship won’t instantly cure American job deficit, but without, there will be no strong recovery.
The reasons for the high death rate of exiting firms is_____.
选项 A、political bias
B、new market
C、high level of consumers’ need
D、lacking of funding
答案D
解析 根据题关键词定位到文章第三段。该段指出“即使是成功的公司，也会屈服于威胁：新科技、新竞争；成熟的市场；投资人的过世；消费者需求的变化；管理方式欠佳以及利润的缺失”。故D项“资金短缺”符合题意。A项“政治倾向”、B项“新销路”和C项“消费者的高层次的需求”均未在原文中提及，故选D。
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