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  3. The railroad industry could not have grown as large as it did without steel. The first rails were made of iron. But iron rails w

The railroad industry could not have grown as large as it did without steel. The first rails were made of iron. But iron rails w

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问题     The railroad industry could not have grown as large as it did without steel. The first rails were made of iron. But iron rails were not strong enough to support heavy trains running at high speeds. Railroad executives wanted to replace them with steel rails because steel was ten or fifteen times stronger and lasted twenty times longer. Before the 1870’s, however, steel was too expensive to be widely used. It was made by a slow and expensive process of heating, stirring and reheating iron ore.
    Then the inventor Henry Bessemer discovered that directing a blast of air at melted iron in a furnace would burn out the impurities that made the iron brittle. As the air shot through the furnace, the bubbling metal would erupt in showers of sparks. When the fire cooled, the metal had been changed, or converted to steel. The Bessemer converter made possible the mass production of steel. Now three to five tons of iron could be changed into steel in a matter of minutes.
    Just when the demand for more and more steel developed, prospectors discovered huge new deposits of iron ore in the Mesabi Range, a 120 long region in Minnesota near Lake Superior. The Mesabi deposits were so near the surface that they could be mined with steam shovels.
    Barges and steamers carried the iron ore through Lake Superior to depots on the southern shores of Lake Michigan and Lake Erie. With dizzying speed Gary, Indiana, and Toledo, Youngstown, and Cleveland, Ohio, became major steel manufacturing centers. Pittsburgh was the greatest steel city of ail.
    Steel was the basic building material of the industrial age. Production skyrocketed from seventy seven thousand tons in 1870 to over eleven million tons in 1900.
According to the passage, how did Bessemer method make the mass production of steel possible?
选项 A、It directed air at melted iron in a furnace, removing all impurities.
B、It slowly heated iron ore then stirred it and heated it again.
C、It changed iron ore into iron which was a substitute for steel.
D、It could quickly find deposits of iron ore under the ground.
答案A
解析 文中第二段开头提到“Henry Bessemer在炼铁时发现给熔炉鼓入空气，除去杂质，铁就会变成钢。这使钢的生产向大规模化发展”，所以正确答案为A。B“缓慢加热铁矿，搅拌后再次加热”，文中未提到。C“该方法将铁矿转变为可替代钢的铁”，与文章含义不符。D“该方法能迅速发现地下铁矿”，这与Bessemer的发明无关。
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