首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
A computer model has been developed that can predict what word you are thinking of. (41) Researchers led by Tom Mitchell of C
A computer model has been developed that can predict what word you are thinking of. (41) Researchers led by Tom Mitchell of C
admin
2011-03-11
84
问题
A computer model has been developed that can predict what word you are thinking of. (41) Researchers led by Tom Mitchell of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, "trained" a computer model to recognize the patterns of brain activity associated with 60 images, each of which represented a different noun, such as "celery" or "aeroplane".
(42) . Words such as "hammer", for example, axe known to cause movement-related areas of the brain to light up; on the other hand, the word "castle" triggers activity in regions that process spatial information. Mitchell and his colleagues also knew that different nouns are associated more often with some verbs than with others--the verb "eat", for example, is more likely to be found in conjunction with "celery" than with "aeroplane". The researchers designed the model to try and use these semantic links to work out how the brain would react to particular nouns. They fed 25 such verbs into the model.
(43) . The researchers then fed the model 58 of the 60 nouns to train it. For each noun, the model sorted through a trillion-word body of text to find how it was related to the 25 verbs, and how that related to the activation pattern. After training, the models were put to the test. Their task was to predict the pattern of activity for the two missing words from the group of 60, and then to deduce which word was which. On average, the models came up with the right answer more than three-quarters of the time.
The team then went one step further, this time training the models on 59 of the 60 test words, and then showing them a new brain activity pattern and offering them a choice of 1 001 words to match it. The models performed well above chance when they were made to rank the 1001 words according to how well they matched the pattern. The idea is similar to another "brain-reading" technique. (44) . It shouldn’t be too difficult to get the model to choose accurately between a larger number of words, says John-Dylan Haynes.
An average English speaker knows 50 000 words, Mitchell says, so the model could in theory be used to select any word a subject chooses to think of. Even whole sentences might not be too distant a prospect for the model, saysMitchell. "Now that we can see individual words, it gives the scaffolding for starting to see what the brain does with multiple words as it assembles them," he says. (45)
Models such as this one could also be useful in diagnosing disorders of language or helping students pick up a foreign language. In semantic dementia, for example, people lose the ability to remember the meanings of things--shown a picture of a chihuahua, they can only recall "dog", for example--but little is known about what exactly goes wrong in the brain. "We could look at what the neural encoding is for this," says Mitchell.
[A] The team then used functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) to scan the brains of 9 volunteers as they looked at images of the nouns
[B] The study can predict what picture a person is seeing from a selection of more than 100, reported by Nature earlier this year
[C] The model may help to resolve questions about how the brain processes words and language, and might even lead to techniques for decoding people’s thoughts
[D] This gives researchers the chance to understand the "mental chemistry" that the brain does when it processes such phrases, Mitchell suggests
[E] This research may be useful for a human computer interface but does not capture the complex network that allows a real brain to learn and use words in a creative way
[F] The team started with the assumption that the brain processes words in terms of how they relate to movement and sensory information
[G] The new model is different in that it has to look at the meanings of the words, rather than just lower-level visual features of a picture
选项
答案
G
解析
本题位于段落的中间,通过对上下文的理解可以找出正确答案。上文介绍了研究小组进一步进行试验,结果是这个模型运行的效果很好。下文介绍了这个模型的优点,故此处也应当是介绍这个新模型,选项中只有[G]涉及新模型,符合题意。[E]也谈到了研究优点,但同时也提到了缺点,不符合文意,故排除。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/a9p4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Darwinisbasicallyright,thoughonlytosomeextentthatspeciesandindividualscompete,fight,killandsurvivalbelongsto
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphsofthepassage?Thekiteislimitedbythe
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphsofthepassage?Whichofthefollowingadva
Accordingtothestatistics,amongthehomelessinNewYorktherewere______.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorwantstote
Accordingtothestatistics,amongthehomelessinNewYorktherewere______.InAmerica,howmanypeoplearehomelessparents
Bywhatmeansdothechildrenoftheauthor’sfamilygotoschool?Theauthor’sattitudetowardhousewives’workis______.
Theageatwhichyoungchildrenbegintomakemoraldiscriminationsaboutharmfulactionscommittedagainstthemselvesorothers
Ourpurposeofeducatingchildrenisto______.Allofusmustbeeducatedtounderstandorrealizethat______.
Almostexactlyayearago,inasmallvillageinNorthernIndia,AndreaMillinerwasbittenonthelegbyadog."Itmusthave(
Almostexactlyayearago,inasmallvillageinNorthernIndia,AndreaMillinerwasbittenonthelegbyadog."Itmusthave(
随机试题
Hotelemployeesareremindedtobeandcourteous,especiallytofirst-timeguests.
法人的人格权包括【】
Weshould______alladvancedscienceandtechnologytodevelopoureconomy.
A.开放式:适于交往继续进行B.探索式C.偏向式D.在一次提问中提出几个问题E.封闭式:适于得到确切答复在一次社区护士与患者交谈的过程中,社区护士注意应用了几种提问技巧,请说出护士在下面的提问中分别采用了什么方式。“你支持控烟计划和戒酒计划吗
A.苏木紫小体B.洋葱皮样病变C.疣状心内膜炎D.血管炎E.盘状红斑能够诊断系统性红斑狼疮的特征性病理依据是
气体灭火系统管道末端采用防晃支架固定,支架与末端喷嘴间的距离不大于()。
2,3,6,3,5,12,5,7,24,7,(),()。
长天汽车制造公司的研究人员发现,轿车的减震系统越“硬”,驾驶人员在驾驶中越是感到刺激。因此,他建议长天汽车制造公司把所有的新产品的减震系统都设计得更“硬”一些,以提高产品的销量。下面哪一项如果为真,最能削弱该研究人员的建议?
AstudyfoundthattheradiationfromCTscans—thetestsregularlyusedto【C1】______internalinjuriesorsignsofcancer—islike
将高级语言编写的程序翻译成机器语言程序,所采用的两种翻译方式是
最新回复
(
0
)