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  3. Smart Windows Windows not only let light in to cut down on electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the wi

Smart Windows Windows not only let light in to cut down on electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the wi

admin2016-08-16  76
问题                         Smart Windows
    Windows not only let light in to cut down on electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associr ate with an advanced technology. Reseachers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between easily.
    " It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is," says Claes Granqvist. He’ s a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. " It’ s contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well. " So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they’ re stuck indoors
    Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In winter, cold air leaks in. When it’ s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air condition-ers. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing(使人清新的), actually sucks up e-normous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.
    Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing(用玻璃覆盖),and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic(发色的)technologies which involve changes of color.
    Electrochromic(电致色的)windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide(氧化钨)works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxides is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage(电压)is decreased, the window darkens until it’ s completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.
    One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of "memory". All it takes is a small change of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer be needed. "In the future," Granqvist says,"our buildings may look different. "
Which paragraph gives an account of the way electrochromic windows chan ge color?
选项 A、Paragraph 5
B、Paragraph 3
C、Paragraph 4
D、Paragraph 6
答案A
解析 第五段开始就讲到电致色窗户(智能窗户)通过镀上一层氧化钨和改变电压来调节颜色变化。还举例说明，当通上电时，氧化钨的颜色会变通透；没电时颜色会变深。所以本段主要介绍了智能窗户变色的原理，故选A。
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