首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
About two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by the year 2020 and, according to the United Nations,
About two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by the year 2020 and, according to the United Nations,
admin
2022-06-18
66
问题
About two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by the year 2020 and, according to the United Nations, approximately 3.7 billion people will inhabit urban areas some 10 years later. As cities grow, so do the number of buildings that characterize them: office towers, factories, shopping malls and high-rise apartment buildings. These structures depend on artificial ventilation systems to keep clean and cool air flowing to the people inside. We know these systems by the term "air-conditioning"
Although many of us may feel air-conditioners bring relief from hot, humid or polluted outside air, they pose many potential health hazards. Much research has looked at how the circulation of air inside a closed environment—such as an office building—can spread disease or expose occupants to harmful chemicals.
One of the more widely publicized dangers is that of Legionnaire’s disease, which first recognized in the 1970s. This was found to have affected people in buildings with air-conditioning systems in which warm air pumped out of the system’s cooling towers was somehow sucked back into the air intake, in most cases due to poor design. This warm air was, needless to say, the perfect environment for the rapid growth of disease carrying bacteria originating from outside the building, where it existed in harmless quantities. The warm, bacteria-laden air was combined with cooled conditioned air and was then circulated around various parts of the building. Studies showed that even people outside such buildings were at risk if they walked past air exhaust ducts. Cases of Legionnaire’s disease are becoming fewer with newer system designs and modifications to older systems, but many older buildings, particularly in developing countries, require constant monitoring.
The ways in which air-conditioners work to "clean" the air can
inadvertently
cause health problems, too. One such way is with the use of an electrostatic precipitator, which removes dust and smoke particles from the air. What precipitators also do, however, is to emit large quantities of positive air ions into the ventilation system. A growing number of studies show that overexposure to positive air ions can result in headaches, fatigue and feelings of irritation.
Large air-conditioning systems add water to the air they circulate by means of humidifiers. In older systems, the water used for this process is kept in special reservoirs, the bottoms of which provide breeding grounds for bacteria and fungi which can find their way into the ventilation system. The risk to human health from this situation has been highlighted by the fact that the immune systems of approximately half of workers in air-conditioned office buildings have developed antibodies to fight off the organisms found at the bottom of system reservoirs. Chemical disinfectants, called "biocides", that are added to reservoirs to make them germ-free are dangerous in their own right in sufficient quantities, as they often contain compounds such as pentachlorophenol, which is strongly linked to abdominal cancers.
Finally, it should be pointed out that the artificial climatic environment created by air-conditioners can also adversely affect us. In a natural environment, whether indoor or outdoor, there are small variations in temperature and humidity. Indeed, the human body has long been accustomed to these normal changes. In an air-conditioned living or work environment, however, body temperatures remain well under 37° C, our normal temperature. This leads to a weakened immune system and thus greater susceptibility to diseases such as colds and flu.
The word "adversely" underlined in Paragraph 6 means ______.
选项
A、contradictorily
B、negatively
C、eventually
D、audaciously
答案
B
解析
adversely意为“不利地,有害地”。本段的末句指出空调会弱化人的免疫系统.使人易生病,故可看出是负面、消极的影响,故选B“消极地,负面地”。同时排除A“矛盾地”、C“最终地”和D“大胆地”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/aTuO777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI三级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI三级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
TheCosmologicalPrincipleP1:Cosmologistshypothesizedthatthedistributionofmatterintheuniverseishomogeneousandisot
AllastronautsAcarryapassportBduringtheyaretravelinginspaceCbecausetheymayneedituponDreturningtoEarth.
Thereareseveraldifferencesbetweenthecompositionofriverwaterand______ofseawater.
Alotofunemploymentisthesimpleturnoverofpeopleeither______forthefirsttimeorreenteringit.
AfterAdeterminehowmuchthemoneyofonecountryBisworthinanother,banksChelppeoplefrombothplacesDexchangemoney.
Whileitisdifficultforsomepeopletochangeunhealthyhabits,thereare______forexercisingfrequentlyandeatingfewerfatt
Becausesomuchofcultureislearnedimplicitly,wemaybeunawarethatcertain"invisible"aspectsofourcultureexist:howl
Whenchanginglanes,adrivershouldusetheturnsignaltoletotherdriversknow______.
Whyapersonhasnofriendships______somethingthatasurveycannotadequatelyexplain.
Becauseadegreefromagooduniversityisthemeanstoabetterjob,educationisoneofthemostsophisticatedareasinJapane
随机试题
《合同法》对格式条款的解释原则作了规定,下列选项不符合规定的是()。
日本的茶道是一个著名的________。
对外贸易经营管理包括()
男性,20岁,因反复上腹痛2年就诊,胃镜检查见十二指肠球部前壁0.6cm×0.4cm溃疡,快速尿素酶试验阳性。最合适的治疗方案是
颈部肿块,溃后脓水清稀,夹有败絮物,疮口潜行性空腔,经久难愈,其诊断是()
婴幼儿时期惊厥最常见的原因是
形式教育论是在掌握知识和发展智力的关系问题上产生的,它的代表人物有()。
下面的法律规定中,哪些不属于法的要素中的法律规则?()
新发展理念是一个系统的理论体系。完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念,必须()
若直线相交,则必有
最新回复
(
0
)