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  3. Light pollution now has become a big problem and led to much waste in our society. It has been estimated that 30% of the electri

Light pollution now has become a big problem and led to much waste in our society. It has been estimated that 30% of the electri

admin2009-04-27  37
问题     Light pollution now has become a big problem and led to much waste in our society. It has been estimated that 30% of the electricity generated for outdoor illumination is wasted. Important, too, are the environmental costs of producing the energy to power wasted light. For example, for every kilowatt-hour of electricity used, almost two pounds of carbon dioxide and almost two grams of sulphur dioxide are emitted into the environment. (46)Thus by simply eliminating wasted light, those amounts can be substantially reduced with no negative effect on necessary lighting and with decidedly positive environmental benefits for the region.
    For individuals and families another significant issue is that of light intrusion, the spilling of un-wanted light onto private property. This concern is already addressed in some local zoning codes where maximum light levels at property lines are established. (47)But as the problem becomes more common, homeowners may also sense that the intrusion of unwanted light keeps them from u-sing their outside property at night as they wish or may even interfere with indoor activities by shining into the house interior. Indeed, legal proceedings could result from such unwanted intrusion as a violation of property rights. Furthermore, poor quality lighting, whether commercial, municipal, or residential, can lessen the appeal of a neighborhood, lowering property values if the area begins to look too bright and gaudy.
    Yet the problem of light pollution is easily remedied. In general, good lighting uses only the amount of light necessary, for a specific purpose, and that light is directed properly. (48)Lights allowing no illumination above the horizontal plane of fixed objects and mounted at the proper height to do their job while avoiding glare and light intrusion are the ideal. In recent years, there has been a conscious effort by many municipalities, businesses, and individuals to better address the ways lighting is used.
    So the next time you are out at night, make a note of the way things are lit. (49)Remember, regardless of how we achieve the goal of reducing light pollution, the simple fact remains that we all win when sensible lighting is used. Good lighting saves energy and money, it reduces pollution, it improves the appearance of neighborhoods and maintains property values, it enhances the scientific and aesthetic appreciation of the glories of the night sky, and it preserves that beauty and inspiration for us and for our children. (50)So when you find yourself lucky enough to be in a place where it is still dark enough to see the sky sparkling with stars, think how much less beauty there would be in the world without it! And become an advocate for sensible and efficient lighting.

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答案理想的照明灯具不会照到固定物体水平面以上的区域、其安放高度适当，工作时能避免刺眼和光线侵入。
解析 本句是简单句，句子主干结构是主系表结构Lights are the ideal。现在分词短语allowing no illumination above the horizontal plane of fixed objects和过去分词短语mounted at the proper height to do their job在句中作定语，修饰名词lights；while avoiding glare and light intrusion是句子状语。翻译时注意调整语序，由于 lights后面的修饰语过多，可将最后的谓语提前，转成定语译出。句中的lights不是指光线，而指"灯具"，句中的Lights are the ideal直接译成"理想的照明灯具"。翻译时注意添加词汇，above the horizontal plane of fixed objects原意为"规定物体水平面以上"，添加"区域"二字，可与谓语衔接更自然、流畅。
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