首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
•Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about loss of control downward in management. •Which arti
•Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about loss of control downward in management. •Which arti
admin
2010-01-28
71
问题
•Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about loss of control downward in management.
•Which article (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement 1—8 refer to?
•For each statement 1—8, mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet.
•You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
A
Managers control other employees. This is a vital function of management that varies only in degree and style. One area of change threatens to reduce the degree substantially: the "dilution" of control downward. A key function from the beginning, control shares the collective essence of management with planning, organizing, staffing, and directing. Some would add two more: innovating and representing. Today, many prefer a less autocratic-sounding word, but the logic remains convincing: Somebody must "run things". By implication, monitoring that process is also necessary if an effective, profitable organization is to be realized.
B
Some control has already been diluted when the authority to make decisions in the bosses name is delegated. Needed especially as organizations grow larger, delegation almost inevitably generates tension. Managers know they should and must delegate, for many reasons. No matter how skilled and experienced, one person can neither do everything nor make all necessary decisions. Even if that superhuman ability existed, the development of promotable subordinates would be compromised.
C
Regardless of how necessary and desirable, however, delegation remains difficult. Typically, managers view letting a "less qualified person" do the job as illogical. They also fear potential loss of power and control. Despite such resistance, recent years have seen greater pressure to delegate. Those who like to invent terminology might call the new situation "delegation-plus’, or perhaps "macro-delegation". Even the basic word might be ready for retirement.
D
In other words, long-existing delegation of authority down the chain of command has been supplemented greatly by widespread "empowerment". Decision-making has been "pushed downward" with a vengeance. Emphasis has been placed on decentralization and multiple teams. Causes are both philosophical and practical. Some see a pervasive paradigm shift. A vigorous effort is being made in benchmark firms not only to seek constantly better ways to do things but to do so more democratically, for assumed long-run effectiveness. One way to do this is to push organizational decision-making downward. Practically speaking, this effort is complemented by widespread downsizing. The restructuring that accompanies it often means reducing the number of middle managers. In the resulting "flat" organizations, those who remain wield broader spans of control or management, meaning they have more people to supervise.
E
Despite its popularity and even urgency, downward shifting provokes serious questions. Is it possible to reduce a manager’s operational control too much? Is the concept of "diminishing returns" likely, as in economic theory? The trend has been long ongoing; if that point does exist, how close are we? Is endless decentralization logical? Delegation per se does not have to compromise management control; should not, in fact, provided the needed skill exists. But the danger is always present.
Companies should place their emphasis on decentralization and group work for philosophical and practical reasons.
选项
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/alKd777K
本试题收录于:
BEC高级阅读题库BEC商务英语分类
0
BEC高级阅读
BEC商务英语
相关试题推荐
A、 B、 C、 A因为是由Do开头的疑问句,所以答案就要以Yes/No开头。所以正确答案是(A)。在把article错误地理解成“物品”而不是“文章”时,容易误将(B)和(C)当做答案。
(Thecandidatechoosesonetopicandspeaksaboutitforoneminute.)A.MarketResearch:theimportanceofdoingmarketresearc
QualityControl:theimportancetoacompanyofmonitoringthequalityofitsgoodsandservices
TaskOne-Job•Forquestions13-17,matchtheextractswiththepeople,listedA-H.•Foreachextract,choosethejobeachsp
TaskOne-Job•Forquestions13-17,matchtheextractswiththepeople,listedA-H.•Foreachextract,choosethejobeachsp
TaskOne-Job•Forquestions13-17,matchtheextractswiththepeople,listedA-H.•Foreachextract,choosethejobeachsp
•Readthetextbelowaboutthelogistics.•Inmostofthelines41-52thereisoneextraword.Itiseithergrammaticallyinco
•Readthearticleaboutinternationalauditingstandards.•Foreachquestion31-40,writeonewordinCAPITALLETTERSonyour
•Readthearticleaboutinternationalauditingstandards.•Foreachquestion31-40,writeonewordinCAPITALLETTERSonyour
随机试题
结合材料回答问题:材料1中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席、中央全面依法治国委员会主任习近平8月24日上午主持召开中央全面依法治国委员会第一次会议并发表重要讲话。习近平在讲话中指出,当前我国正处于实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标的历史交汇
直接参与底物水平磷酸化的酶是
细辛具有的功效是
根据《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》的规定,下列关于规划环境影响评价的内容和审批表述中不正确的是()。
下列关于建筑设计阶段影响工程造价的因素的叙述中,不正确的是()。
属于井底车场辅助运输线路的是()。
根据我国城市规划现实情况,城市设计的重点是什么?()
根据以下表格资料,回答问题。2012年广州市与西宁市第三产业增加值相差()。
当一台主机要解析域名www.abc.edu.cn的IP地址,如果这台主机配置的域名服务器为212.120.66.68,因特网顶级服务器为101.2.8.6,而存储www.abc.edu.cn与其IP地址对应关系的域名服务器为212.113.16.10,那
WhichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasesexpressesCONCESSION?
最新回复
(
0
)