首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
•Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about loss of control downward in management. •Which arti
•Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about loss of control downward in management. •Which arti
admin
2010-01-28
75
问题
•Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about loss of control downward in management.
•Which article (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement 1—8 refer to?
•For each statement 1—8, mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet.
•You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
A
Managers control other employees. This is a vital function of management that varies only in degree and style. One area of change threatens to reduce the degree substantially: the "dilution" of control downward. A key function from the beginning, control shares the collective essence of management with planning, organizing, staffing, and directing. Some would add two more: innovating and representing. Today, many prefer a less autocratic-sounding word, but the logic remains convincing: Somebody must "run things". By implication, monitoring that process is also necessary if an effective, profitable organization is to be realized.
B
Some control has already been diluted when the authority to make decisions in the bosses name is delegated. Needed especially as organizations grow larger, delegation almost inevitably generates tension. Managers know they should and must delegate, for many reasons. No matter how skilled and experienced, one person can neither do everything nor make all necessary decisions. Even if that superhuman ability existed, the development of promotable subordinates would be compromised.
C
Regardless of how necessary and desirable, however, delegation remains difficult. Typically, managers view letting a "less qualified person" do the job as illogical. They also fear potential loss of power and control. Despite such resistance, recent years have seen greater pressure to delegate. Those who like to invent terminology might call the new situation "delegation-plus’, or perhaps "macro-delegation". Even the basic word might be ready for retirement.
D
In other words, long-existing delegation of authority down the chain of command has been supplemented greatly by widespread "empowerment". Decision-making has been "pushed downward" with a vengeance. Emphasis has been placed on decentralization and multiple teams. Causes are both philosophical and practical. Some see a pervasive paradigm shift. A vigorous effort is being made in benchmark firms not only to seek constantly better ways to do things but to do so more democratically, for assumed long-run effectiveness. One way to do this is to push organizational decision-making downward. Practically speaking, this effort is complemented by widespread downsizing. The restructuring that accompanies it often means reducing the number of middle managers. In the resulting "flat" organizations, those who remain wield broader spans of control or management, meaning they have more people to supervise.
E
Despite its popularity and even urgency, downward shifting provokes serious questions. Is it possible to reduce a manager’s operational control too much? Is the concept of "diminishing returns" likely, as in economic theory? The trend has been long ongoing; if that point does exist, how close are we? Is endless decentralization logical? Delegation per se does not have to compromise management control; should not, in fact, provided the needed skill exists. But the danger is always present.
Companies should place their emphasis on decentralization and group work for philosophical and practical reasons.
选项
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/alKd777K
本试题收录于:
BEC高级阅读题库BEC商务英语分类
0
BEC高级阅读
BEC商务英语
相关试题推荐
Theinterlocutorasksyouquestionsonanumberofwork-relatedandnonwork-relatedsubjects.(Thecandidatechoosesonetopic
Theinterlocutorasksyouquestionsonanumberofwork-relatedandnonwork-relatedsubjects.(Thecandidatechoosesonetop
Inthispartofthetest,youareaskedtogiveashorttalkonabusinesstopic.Youhavetochooseoneofthetopicsfromthe
Inthispartofthetest,youareaskedtogiveashorttalkonabusinesstopic.Youhavetochooseoneofthetopicsfromthe
FinancialManagement:theimportanceofmaintainingfinancialcontrolacrossalldepartments
TaskOne-Job•Forquestions13-17,matchtheextractswiththepeople,listedA-H.•Foreachextract,choosethejobeachsp
TASKONE—ADVANTAGE•Forquestions13—17,matchtheextractswiththeadvantages,listedA—H.•Foreachextract,choosetheadv
•Readthetextbelowaboutthelogistics.•Inmostofthelines41-52thereisoneextraword.Itiseithergrammaticallyinco
•Readthearticleaboutinternationalauditingstandards.•Foreachquestion31-40,writeonewordinCAPITALLETTERSonyour
随机试题
关于套管刮削的安全要求说法不正确的是()。
人们往往判断妨碍公共政策评估的重要因素和次要因素的主要标准是
A.灼痛B.窜痛C.绞痛D.空痛E.酸痛精髓空虚致痛多为
A.申脉B.阳陵泉C.照海D.阴陵泉E.悬钟位于腓骨小头前下方凹陷中的腧穴是
男,68岁,2周来反复胸痛,发作与劳累及情绪有关,休息可以缓解。3小时前出现持续性疼痛,进行性加剧,并气促,不能平卧,血压110/70mmHg,心率120次/分,律齐,心尖部可闻及Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,双肺散在哮鸣音及湿性哕音。下列何种治疗方案应首选
“备案号”栏:()。“包装种类”栏:()。
年度总额内的个人结汇和境内个人购汇,凭()在银行办理。
企业因下列( )原因导致资金短期困难的,经税务机关批准可以延期纳税,但最长不超过3个月。
远程电力传输一般采用50~100万伏的高电压,其主要原因是()。
A、Togethelpwiththecourse.B、TochatwithJacksocially.C、Tohandintheirassignments.D、Topracticegivinginterviews.A
最新回复
(
0
)