首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Food Doesn’t Have to Wear Makeup A) I have eaten fries of a famous chain restaurant both in Britain and the U.S. Surprisingl
Food Doesn’t Have to Wear Makeup A) I have eaten fries of a famous chain restaurant both in Britain and the U.S. Surprisingl
admin
2022-08-18
41
问题
Food Doesn’t Have to Wear Makeup
A) I have eaten fries of a famous chain restaurant both in Britain and the U.S. Surprisingly, I found that the fries I had in Britain have four ingredients: potatoes, vegetable oil, dextrose (葡萄糖), and salt; however, the fries offered by the same chain restaurant in the U.S. had 19 ingredients—including sodium acid pyrophosphate (酸式焦磷酸钠), which keeps the fries’ color from getting dull. In fact, many major food companies in the U.S. use artificial food dyes in America—while selling naturally colored or dye-free versions in Europe.
B) Chemicals like Red No. 40, Yellow No. 5, and Blue No. 1 make American food look better. These additives are the culinary (烹饪用的) equivalents of lipstick and mascara (睫毛膏) , and they are often made from the same pigments (色素). Making food pretty has become a trend in the U.S. but it’s not doing us any good: not only does it trick us into thinking some foods are healthier than they are, but the dyes themselves may be harmful. So why do we keep using these dyes when so many other countries manage without them?
C) It wasn’t always this way. Until the mid-19th century, natural food dyes from plants, animals, and minerals were used to color food in the U.S. Things changed when companies discovered artificial dyes which were cheaper, brighter, and more stable than their natural counterparts. Artificial dyes made food look more attractive, which made them popular with consumers. Food was treated like a commodity, with market forces shaping what were most valued: cost, convenience, and appearance. For decades, there was little push to worry—as Europeans did—about what was actually in our food. We just wanted it to look good.
D) The safety of artificial food coloring has been debated for decades. Animal studies have linked high doses of food dyes to organ damage, cancer, and birth defects. In humans, food dyes have been linked to behavioral problems in children. Most of the studies on the effects of food dyes in humans looked at children with behavioral problems like hyperactivity (多动) and ADHD (注意力不足过动症) , and found that food dyes made their symptoms worse. Two large studies funded by the British government tested healthy children and found that they, too, were adversely affected by food dyes. The most recent of these studies, published in the Lancet, evaluated six dyes, including Red No. 40 and Yellow No. 5, and concluded that artificial coloring was associated with increased hyperactivity in otherwise healthy children.
E) After the Lancet study was published, some skeptics who had doubted parental claims that food dyes affected the behavior of healthy children admitted they might have been wrong. In 2010, the European Parliament passed a law requiring warning labels on products with any of the six tested food dyes, and banned the use of food dyes for infants and young children, effectively ridding much of the European food supply—which had low amounts of artificial food dyes to begin with—of artificial food coloring. The doses used for some of the kids in this study, 20 to 30 milligrams of artificial food coloring, were not as high as those typically ingested by American children—in fact, kids often consume far higher doses than what was found to be harmful in clinical trials.
F) The Food and Drug Administration reacted differently to the same evidence. A 2011 FDA report stated that a causal relationship between dyes and hyperactivity was not conclusively established based on available research, though the report conceded that dyes made symptoms worse in children with ADHD and other behavioral problems. Since this report was published, evidence that food dyes cause problems has continued to mount.
G) It is true that pulling conclusive, universal findings from scientific research is a difficult task. Sure, there may be evidence suggesting harm from food additives, but some of the research was performed in animals and may not apply to humans. More high-quality research is needed to determine what happens when healthy people ingest typical doses of common food additives. We still don’t understand exactly what could be causing the negative effects food coloring seems to have on kids with certain conditions. All of these warnings are important to recognize.
H) But when it comes to food coloring, why should we have to prove just exactly how and why the substance causes a negative effect on the people who consume it before we can ban it? If this were a necessary or meaningful food ingredient in any way, sure, that would be a reasonable standard. But food coloring has no nutritional value. Why are we risking it?
I) Most likely because it helps companies sell products. Pretty food pays off because aesthetics in food do matter. We have relied on visual cues for thousands of years to help us determine what is edible, nutritious, and safe to eat. Man has adapted to appreciate natural colors, including a variety of green, red, pink, orange, yellow, and purple produce. Colors signal that food is ripe or that it contains healthy compounds. Because of that evolutionary background, color is money for food manufacturers. Children are especially attracted to a variety of bright, vibrant colors and succumb to targeted marketing.
J) Food aesthetics can also affect how we perceive taste. In one study, when subjects were given sugar water in different shades of red, they reported that the deep red drinks tasted sweeter than the light red ones. We’ve been primed to expect certain things from certain colors. Another study showed people had a harder time identifying drink flavors when the drinks didn’t have the expected colors (an orange-colored drink that was really cherry-flavored tasted like an orange). We expect what nature has taught us, and even though our food system has changed radically in the past several decades, our expectations have yet to catch up. Food companies can instead use this knowledge to trick us and make their processed products appear more delicious.
K) The reason why food coloring is still allowed is wrapped up in the different approach takes to food regulation. A key element of the European Union’s public health protection policy is the "precautionary principle", under which credible evidence of danger to human health merits protective action despite scientific uncertainty. Unlike the EU, the U.S. government sets high standards for proof of harm before regulatory action is taken. In fact, the FDA’s "Generally Recognized as Safe" (GRAS) designation, introduced in 1958, allows companies to evaluate their own substances and deem them acceptable themselves, after which the FDA can review the evaluation—if it wants to. While this makes sense for ingredients like salt and pepper, GRAS lets producers take new food additives to the market without even informing the FDA. Trans fat was classified as GRAS until the label was withdrawn in 2015.
L) There must be things that can drive change in the U.S. For example, consumer demand. Parents and activists have been petitioning food companies to remove dyes for years, and some are obliging. Recently, several food producers agreed to remove artificial food coloring in all of their food products. We’re lucky to have producers take this action, but we shouldn’t have to wait for their benevolence (善行).
Children are likely to become the marketing target for they fancy colorful stuff.
选项
答案
I
解析
题干意为,儿童喜欢五颜六色的东西,因而易于成为市场营销的对象。根据关键词children和colorful stuff可定位到I段。该段最后一句提到,儿童尤其喜欢那些鲜亮的、充满活力的颜色,也就易于接受定向市场营销。由此可知,题干是对原文的同义转述,故选I。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/apx7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、Dreamswerealwaysmisleading.B、Dreamshadtheirownspecificmeanings.C、Dreamscouldhelpexplainourbrainactivities.D、T
A、Manyofthemfounditdifficulttoexerciseonaplane.B、Manyofthemwereconcernedwiththeirwell-being.C、Notmanyofthe
A、Toliveamorecomfortablelife.B、Togiveperformances.C、Tobeapupilofafamousviolinist.D、Toenterafamousuniversity
A、Increasingfinesfortrafficviolation.B、Reducingtollsonhighways.C、Banningpublictransportpartially.D、Enlarginginsura
A、Fruit,waterandinsects.B、Plantsandwater.C、Highplantsandfood.D、Plantsandfood.D短文谈到,所有的鸟都需要植物来做巢,也需要食物,人们的院子可以提供这些东
A、Studentsarenotrequiredtoattendregularclasslectures.B、Theprofessorvideotapesclasslecturesforreview.C、Classesar
A、IndonesiaB、YellowstoneNationalPark.C、TheWales.D、TheGreatBritain.AA是提到lasteruption后听到的地点,为答案。对于对话中提及的时间、地点、数据、顺序应该特别注
A、Theyarearrogant.B、Theyareignorant.C、Theyareambitious.D、Theyareaccommodating.D事实细节题。短文中男士说,他所在公司的管理者都很随和,为了不伤感情而忽视错
A、Supervisingthegovernment.B、Sellingproductsandservices.C、Reportingthetruthobjectively.D、Practicingparliamentarydem
Thispassageexploreshowwildfiresarebornandlive.Wildfiresaremainlycausedbypeople,notbynature.
随机试题
国际货物集装箱运输中使用的托运单,是集装箱运输最为重要的单据之一,每一联托运单都有专门的用途,其中标有“装货单”字样的第四联被用作是()
基金资产估值的最终目的是()。
某银行2012年初对国内整个房地产行业贷款8000万元,后由于我国房市震荡,造成银行无法按期收回贷款,该风险属于()
如果市场投资组合的实际收益率比预期收益率大3%,β=2,则证券i的实际收益率比预期收益率大()。
安全管理计划的制定,需要根据本单位的实际把带有周期性的、可预见的安全工作分类汇总,按照安全工作要求,分解到每个月,形成全年安全工作计划。安全管理计划可以采用文字形式或文字与图表相结合的形式。项目安全管理计划的实施就是进行项目安全管理的过程,是在项目实施过程
在信息技术整合的课堂中,学生每人拥有一台电脑并与教师的电脑相连形成局域网,同时配有网络教学监控系统。这属于()的课堂组织形式
随着社会的发展,人们经济生活水平的不断提高,老年人充实的物质生活已远不能替补内心的空寂,为了能让子女们上班放心,老年人在家安心,使他们的老年生活不再孤独和无助,我们动足了脑筋。以前,在乡下,邻里间开门就见面,关系好的就像自家人,互相都有个照应。可现在搬到这
“十一”期间,某市公交系统在许多线路上增加了临时站点,防止客流量在某地过度集中,以缓解重大节假日期间由人流聚集造成的交通堵塞状况。但实际看来,问题并没有得到解决。以下论断如果为真,无助于解释上述现象的是()
下列文学常识的叙述错误的是()。
Ifasubstanceisdissolvedinwaterorheated,itmay______agas.
最新回复
(
0
)