首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
PASSAGE ONE (1) Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themsel
PASSAGE ONE (1) Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themsel
admin
2022-08-27
45
问题
PASSAGE ONE
(1) Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themselves before a contest, and their modern counterparts have everything from anabolic steroids and growth hormones to doses of extra red blood cells with which to invigorate their bodies. These days, however, such stimulants are frowned on, and those athletes must therefore run the gauntlet of organizations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), which would rather that athletes competed without resorting to them.
(2) The agencies have had remarkable success. Testing for anabolic steroids (in other words, artificial testosterone) was introduced in the 1970s, and the incidence of cheating seems to have fallen dramatically as a result. The tests, however, are not foolproof. And a study just published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism by Jenny Jakobsson Schulze and her colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden suggests that an individual’s genetic make-up could confound them in two different ways. One genotype, to use the jargon, may allow athletes who use anabolic steroids to escape detection altogether Another may actually be convicting the innocent.
(3) The test usually employed for testosterone abuse relies on measuring the ratio of two chemicals found in the urine: testosterone glucuronide (TG) and epitestosterone glucuronide (EG). The former is produced when testosterone is broken down, while the latter is unrelated to testosterone metabolism, and can thus serve as a reference point for the test. Any ratio above four of the former to one of the latter is, according to official Olympic policy, considered suspicious and leads to more tests.
(4) However, the production of TG is controlled by an enzyme that is, in turn, encoded by a gene called UGT2B17. This gene comes in two varieties, one of which has a part missing and therefore does not work properly. A person may thus have none, one or two working copies of UGT2B17, since he inherits one copy from each parent. Dr. Schulze guessed that different numbers of working copies would produce different test results. She therefore gave healthy male volunteers whose genes had been examined a single 360mg shot of testosterone (the standard dose for legitimate medical use) and checked their urine to see whether the shot could be detected.
(5) The result was remarkable. Nearly half of the men who carried no functional copies of UGT2B17 would have gone undetected in the standard doping test. By contrast, 14% of those with two functional copies of the gene were over the detection threshold before they had even received an injection. The researchers estimate this would give a false-positive testing rate of 9% in a random population of young men.
(6) Dr. Schulze also says there is substantial ethnic variation in UGT2B17 genotypes. Two-thirds of Asians have no functional copies of the gene (which means they have a naturally low ratio of TG to EG), compared with under a tenth of Caucasians—something the anti-doping bodies may wish to take into account.
(7) In the meantime, Dr. Schulze’s study does seem to offer innocents a way of defending themselves. Athletes traveling to Beijing for the Olympic games may be wise to travel armed not only with courage and the "spirit of Olympianism", but also with a copy of their genetic profile, just in case.
Why does the author suggest the athletes bring a copy of their genetic profile to the Olympic Games?
选项
A、Because it is required by the Beijing Olympic Games Committee.
B、Because it may defend them against unfavorable testosterone test results.
C、Because it is one of the ways to show "spirit of Olympianism".
D、Because it will help them to perform better in the Olympic Games.
答案
B
解析
根据题干的bring a copy of their genetic profile定位到最后一段。从最后一段以及前文的描述不难总结出,由于基因型可能影响兴奋剂测试的结果,带上自己的基因分析谱有可能可以为自己辩护,因此选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/bDnD777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
使用VC6打开考生文件夹下的工程test7_1,此工程包含一个源程序文件test7_1.cpp,但该程序运行有问题,请改正程序中的错误,使程序的输出结果如下:Constructor1Constructor1Constructor1
在Access数据库中使用向导创建查询,其数据可以来自( )。
在考生文件夹下,存在一个数据库文件"samp1.mdb"、一个Excel文件"tScore.xls"和一个图像文件"photo.bmp"。在数据库文件中已经建立了一个表对象"tStud"。试按以下操作要求,完成各种操作:(1)将考生文件夹下的"t
财务部助理小王需要协助公司管理层制作本财年的年度报告,请你按照如下需求完成制作工作:根据文档内容的变化,更新文档目录的内容与页码。
Ifyouarelooking【C1】________information,libraryshelvesareagoodplace【C2】________.Butifyouneedup-to-the-minutedatao
Therelationshipbetweenthehomeandmarketeconomieshasgonethroughtwodistinctstages.Earlyindustrializationbegant
Therelationshipbetweenthehomeandmarketeconomieshasgonethroughtwodistinctstages.Earlyindustrializationbegant
PeoplewhotravelalotflywithHeavenAir,becausetheyknowtheywillgetwhattheywant.Theywanttogoquicklyandsafely
HistoryofweatherforecastingEarlymethodsAlmanacsconnectedtheweatherwiththepositionsofdifferent【L31】________atp
HistoryofweatherforecastingEarlymethodsAlmanacsconnectedtheweatherwiththepositionsofdifferent【L31】________atp
随机试题
A.Therehasbeenaslowdowninthewooltradewithyou.B.Ourforeigntradeiscontinuouslyexpanding.C.Wetradewithpeople
能侵犯中枢神经系统的病毒有()
骨与关节结核最常见的发生部位是
上牙槽神经阻滞麻醉后,允许拔牙的时机是
某患者既往曾有肾小球肾炎史,近日发现血压升高,来医院复查,诊断为慢性肾小球肾炎急性发作。护士采取的下列哪项措施可迅速而有效地缓解其症状
如何在美术教学中培养学生的审美能力?
1803年美国的马伯里诉麦迪逊案的意义在于()。
偏见的来源有哪些?
California,bysomemeasuresAmerica’smost【C1】______state,isatthesametimeitsmostagriculturalstate【C2】______totalfar
Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed"obvious"bothtothegeneralpublicandtosociologiststhatmodernsocietyhaschangedpeo
最新回复
(
0
)