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  3. Material culture refers to the touchable, material "things"—physical objects that can be seen, held, fell, used — that a culture

Material culture refers to the touchable, material "things"—physical objects that can be seen, held, fell, used — that a culture

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问题    Material culture refers to the touchable, material "things"—physical objects that can be seen, held, fell, used — that a culture produces. Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music: can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of "things" in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot bear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their develop ment. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments,  as well as paintings, written documents, and so on,  we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.
   Sheet music or printed music,  too,  is material culture.  Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutusl influence
among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music cul Lure as a whole.
   One more important part of music’s material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media—radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the "information revolution", a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; the)’ have affected music cultures all over the globe.
According to the author, music notation is important because
选项 A、it has a great effect on the music-culture as more and more people are able to read it
B、it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musi clans
C、it is tile printed version of standardized folk music
D、it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs
答案A
解析 本题考查对文章第二段最后一句话“Besides，the ability to read music notation  has  a far-reaching effect on  musicians and，when it becomes widespread，on the music-culture us a whole．”的理解，作者认为“会识谱对音乐家产生了深远的影响，而且一旦这种能力得到普及，对整个音乐文化都将产生深远的影响”，故[A]是正确答案。
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