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  3. People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person

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问题     People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is【C1】________and another is competitive.
    Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and【C2】________certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two【C3】________schools of thought on the matter have【C4】________. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of【C5】________between proponents of each theory. The controversy is often【C6】________as "nature v. nurture".
    Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are【C7】________determined by biological and【C8】________factors. That our environment has【C9】________. if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory【C10】________that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely【C11】________by our instincts.
    Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or,【C12】________they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts【C13】________determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely【C14】________by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite【C15】________; they maintain that, like machines, humans【C16】________to environmental stimuli as the【C17】________of their behavior.
    The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some "nature" proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. Behaviorists,【C18】________, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental【C19】________that whites enjoy.
    Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the【C20】________to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.
【C8】
选项 A、mental
B、psychological
C、physical
D、genetic
答案D
解析 填入的形容词应与and前面的biological(生物学的)属同一范畴。D项genetic“遗传的”符合要求，表示性格和行为模式由生物和遗传因素决定。A项mental“精神的”。B项psychological“心理上的”及C项physical“身体上的”相对于D项genetic“遗传的”，都没有其更接近生物学的范畴。
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