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  3. A union-backed campaign conducted scattered protests and employee walkouts at fast-food chains in 60 cities in an effort to ramp

A union-backed campaign conducted scattered protests and employee walkouts at fast-food chains in 60 cities in an effort to ramp

admin2021-09-17  44
问题    A union-backed campaign conducted scattered protests and employee walkouts at fast-food chains in 60 cities in an effort to ramp up pressure for increased wages while organizers are quietly working to create unions to represent fast-food workers. The impact and size of Thursday’s protests was difficult to gauge. Spokesmen for the protests’ organizers estimated that they involved 1,000 fast-food outlets, and some other retailers, such as department stores, and claimed that walkouts shut down some restaurants.
   McDonald’s Corp. and Wendy’s Co. said the protests had minimal effects on operations and that they were unaware of any shutdowns. At midday Thursday in downtown Chicago, one of the cities targeted, several outlets of both chains seemed undisturbed. People protested outside one Chicago McDonald’s for about 45 minutes; a restaurant employee reached by phone, who didn’t want to be identified, said none of the protesters were employed there. Burger King Worldwide Inc. didn’t respond to requests for comment.
   Workers marching outside fast-food restaurants have called for the chains to increase wages to $15 an hour—wages now can be as low as the national minimum of $7.25 an hour and to allow a "fair process" to join a union. The restaurant companies say they pay fair and competitive wages and that increases of that size would force owners to cut staff.
   Previous strikes have targeted fast-food chains in more than a dozen cities from New York to Seattle. The chains have said those strikes also didn’t cause significant disruptions. But the momentum of demonstrations is unusual in an industry where organizing has been difficult because of high employee turnover.
   The protests come as the Service Employees International Union in recent months has helped establish a new union in at least six cities where the union and community advocacy groups have been organizing fast-food strikes, according to organizers and documents filed in recent months with the Labor Department. The cities include New York, Chicago and St. Louis. SEIU officials and members of nonunion community groups are listed as officers of those unions.
   "Fast-food workers need a union and we’re proud to help them get it started," said Kendall Fells, listed as president of a New York-based union called the Fast Food Workers Committee on documents filed with the Labor Department in February.
   
The word "advocacy" (Para. 5) mostly means______.
选项 A、support
B、promotion
C、motivation
D、stimulation
答案A
解析 含义题。根据题干关键词定位到第五段the union and community advocacy groups have been organizing fast-food strikes…，可见community advocacy groups和union(工会)所起的作用类似，都在组织罢工。advocacy意为“支持，拥护”，community advocacy groups直译是“社区拥护组织”，可灵活译为“社区宣传组织”，故A项为正确答案。
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考研英语一

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