2. 医学
  3. Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Ma

Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Ma

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问题 Please read the following article in Chinese carefully, and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that you cover all the major points of the article.
    护士4项基本职责：促进健康，预防疾病，恢复健康和减轻痛苦。护理需要是全球性的。理的本质就是尊重人权，包括生存权、享受个人尊严及受尊重的权利。护理不因年龄、肤色、宗教、文化、残障或疾患、性别、国籍、政治、种族或社会地位而受限制。护士为个人、家庭及社区提供健康服务，并与相关团体互相协作提供服务。
    国际护士协会护士职业道德准则由四项基本原则组成，是护士行为的职业道德标准。
    准则内容：
    1．护士与民众
    护士之基本责任是照顾那些需要照顾的民众。
    护士在提供护理时，要推动建立一个尊重个人、家庭及社会人权、价值观、风俗习惯及信仰的护理环境。护士确保个人获得作出同意护理及相关治疗决定时所需的足够信息。护士应对个人资料保密，并判断可否分享资料。护士与社会共同承担责任，采取并支持行动，满足公众特别是弱势群体的健康及社会需要。护士分担责任，维持和保护自然环境，使其不致枯竭、免受污染、退化或破坏。
    2．护士与实践
    承担护理操作的个人义务与责任的护士，有义务和责任通过不断学习保持自己的专业能力。护士要保持个人健康，确保护理能力不受损害。护士根据个人能力接受或授权责任。护士时刻保持良好的专业形象，增强公众信任。护士在护理时确保先进科技的应用符合民众的安全、尊严和权利需要。
    3．护士与专业 ’
    护士是决定和实施公认的临床护理、管理、科研和教育标准的主导者。护士要积极建立以科研为基础的专业知识体系。护士通过专业团体参与建立和维护护理领域公平的社会和经济工作条件。
    4．护士与合作者
    护士与护理及其他领域的合作者保持合作关系。当护理受到合作者或其他人危害时，护士要采取适当行动保护护理对象。
    ICN护士职业道德准则的应用
    ICN护士职业道德准则四要素：护士与民众，护士与实践，护士与合作者，护士与专业，为护士行为标准提供了一个规范。下列表格将帮助护士在实际工作中应用这些标准，护士与护生也因而能够：
    学习准则各要素的相关标准。思考每项标准的意义，考虑如何将准则应用于护理领域中：实践、教育、科研或管理。与合作者和其他人讨论准则。以特定经历为例，认识职业道德所面临的困境及准则规定的行为标准，找出摆脱困境的可能方法。通过小组讨论澄清职业道德决策，达成职业行为标准共识。与本国护士协会、合作者及他人合作，在护理实践、教育、管理及科研中不断应用护理职业道德标准。
选项
答案 Nurses have four fundamental responsibilities: to promote health, to prevent illness, to restore health and to alleviate suffering. The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses has four principal elements. 1. Nurses and people The nurse’s primary professional responsibility is to people requiring nursing care. 2. Nurses and practice The nurse carries personal responsibility and accountability for nursing practice, and for maintaining competence by continual learning. 3. Nurses and the profession The nurse assumes the major role in determining and implementing acceptable standards of clinical nursing practice, management, research and education 4. Nurses and co-workers. The nurse sustains a co-operative relationship with co-workers in nursing and other fields. Nurses and nursing students should study the above standards in the Code, reflect on what each standard means to you, discuss the Code with co-workers and others, use a specific example from experience to identify ethical dilemmas and standards of conduct as outlined in the Code, work in groups to clarify ethical decision making and reach a consensus on standards of ethical conduct and collaborate with your national nurses’ association, co-workers, and others in the continuous application of ethical standards in nursing practice, education, management and research.
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