不久以前，个人加人一个组织，并常常待在那里工作一辈子。而那些组织会经常奖赏／回报那些忠实的雇员。然而，这样的组织忠诚概念已经淡化。自20世纪80年代中期以来，一般／普通的20岁(开始工作)的雇员有望在一生中换6次或7次工作。根据最近的统计，今天的大学毕业生

America is a nation on wheels. Most Americans are car owners and some are even obsessive about the subject. They can spend hours discussing whether to buy a foreign car or an American car, and deciding on the best family car or the best sports car. Car repair is also a popular topic. You can participate in their discussion by talking about cars you have owned or by sharing information you’ve read in automotive magazines such as Car and Driver or Popular Mechanics.

Not long ago, individuals joined an organization and often stayed with it for their entire working career, and organizations frequently rewarded loyal employees. However, this concept of organizational loyalty has already faded. Starting in the mid-1980s, the average 20-year-old employees were expected to change jobs approximately 6 or 7 times during his or her lifetime. According to current statistics, today’s college graduates will, on average, have 8 to 10 jobs and as many as three careers in their lifetimes.