首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
As more people live closer together, and as they use machines to produce leisure, they find that their leisure, and even their w
As more people live closer together, and as they use machines to produce leisure, they find that their leisure, and even their w
admin
2010-07-19
30
问题
As more people live closer together, and as they use machines to produce leisure, they find that their leisure, and even their working hours, become spoilt by a by-product of their machines--namely, noise. Noise is nowadays in the news; it has acquired political status, and public opinion is demanding, more and more insistently, that something be done about it. So it was very appropriate’ that many people professionally interested in noise control should meet to discuss their common problems at a large-scale conference. In the three days of the Conference at Teddington, 25 papers were presented; and faced with the pile of texts, whose contents ranged from sophisticated aerodynamics to general comments on the irritation expressed by neighbours, it was difficult to sort out the new ideas which remain active in one’s mind six months from now, from the big mass of valuable knowledge and facts which will remain on the shelves for reference.
This difficulty was faced by Mr. D. W. Robinson, head of the acoustics work at the National Physical Laboratory. His introduction elaborated the general idea that noise must be considered in relation to the social organism which produces it. Sound becomes annoying noise only when someone’s opinion has made it so. In terms of energy, it is an undesired byproduct, often an exceedingly small fraction of the main output of the machine or process which produces it, and correspondingly difficult to reduce significantly. To control noise is going to demand much self-discipline (annoyance arises often from lack of common courtesy and imagination), a sense of proportion (there is usually a conflict of interest if a noise is to be stopped), the expenditure of money (and it is far more economical to do this early rather than late), and, finally, technical knowledge.
Technical difficulties often arise from the subjective-objective nature of the problem. You can define the excessive speed of a motor Car in terms of a pointer reading on a speedometer. But can you define excessive noise in the same way? The results of several large-scale experiments, involving numbers of vehicles and of listeners, show how difficult it is to fix any instrumental reading as a legal limit in a way which satisfies most of the public and yet is fair to the vehicle owner. You, find, for example, that with any existing simple "noise meter", vehicles which are judged to be equally noisy by a jury may show considerable difference on the meter.
A group of papers dealt with noise, at the source--the basic origins of noise in gears, internal combustion engines, fans and jets. The prospect of a significant reduction in noise output from jet engines of the future was one of the most important questions discussed at the conference. Though the ideal cure for noise is to stop it at its source, this may in many cases be impossible. The next weapon in the anti-noise armory is to absorb it in transit to the ear.
It is a common fallacy that a sound absorbent such as glass wool is opaque to sound and is therefore the best way of diminishing annoying noise from the flat next door. In a normally furnished room, lining a wall with absorbent will have little effect on the noise level built up by reverberation; and will contribute hardly anything to the acoustic opacity of the wall. In a typical factory building, even if all available surfaces are covered with absorbent, the noise level is unlikely to drop by more than five decibels. A consultant will often recommend light partitioning, and partial screening round noisy machines, as a more of the Conference at Teddington, 25 papers were presented; and faced with the pile of texts, whose contents ranged from sophisticated aerodynamics to general comments on the irritation expressed by neighbours, it was difficult to sort out the new ideas which remain active in one’s mind six months from now, from the big mass of valuable knowledge and facts which will remain on the shelves for reference.
This difficulty was faced by Mr. D. W. Robinson, head of the acoustics work at the National Physical Laboratory. His introduction elaborated the general idea that noise must be considered in relation to the social organism which produces it. Sound becomes annoying noise only when someone’s opinion has made it so. In terms of energy, it is an undesired byproduct, often an exceedingly small fraction of the main output of the machine or process which produces it, and correspondingly difficult to reduce significantly. To control noise is going to demand much self-discipline (annoyance arises often from lack of common courtesy and imagination), a sense of proportion (there is usually a conflict of interest if a noise is to be stopped), the expenditure of money (and it is far more economical to do this early rather than late), and, finally, technical knowledge.
Technical difficulties often arise from the subjective-objective nature of the problem. You can define the excessive speed of a motor Car in terms of a pointer reading on a speedometer. But can you define excessive noise in the same way? The results of several large-scale experiments, involving numbers of vehicles and of listeners, show how difficult it is to fix any instrumental reading as a legal limit in a way which satisfies most of the public and yet is fair to the vehicle owner. You, find, for example, that with any existing simple "noise meter", vehicles which are judged to be equally noisy by a jury may show considerable difference on the meter.
A group of papers dealt with noise, at the source--the basic origins of noise in gears, internal combustion engines, fans and jets. The prospect of a significant reduction in noise output from jet engines of the future was one of the most important questions discussed at the conference. Though the ideal cure for noise is to stop it at its source, this may in many cases be impossible. The next weapon in the anti-noise armory is to absorb it in transit to the ear.
It is a common fallacy that a sound absorbent such as glass wool is opaque to sound and is therefore the best way of diminishing annoying noise from the flat next door. In a normally furnished room, lining a wall with absorbent will have little effect on the noise level built up by reverberation; and will contribute hardly anything to the acoustic opacity of the wall. In a typical factory building, even if all available surfaces are covered with absorbent, the noise level is unlikely to drop by more than five decibels. A consultant will often recommend light partitioning, and partial screening round noisy machines, as a more effective and a more economical course.
Domestic noises may perhaps be controlled by forethought and courtesy and industrial noises by good planning and technical improvement. But, if we are going to allow fast motor-cycles and heavy diesel lorries to pass continuously through residential and business property, the community as a whole must decide on the control it needs to exercise, for in the long run, it has got to pay for it. And if a nation is to take a leading part in modern air transport, it must enter into international agreements on the noise control measures it will impose at its airports and here the cost of any real control is immediately to be measured in millions of pounds.
Which of the following is true about noise control?
选项
A、Domestic noises may be controlled by good manners.
B、Industrial noises may be controlled by advancement in technology.
C、Transportation noises may be controlled by the concerted efforts of a community.
D、All of the above.
答案
D
解析
最后一段第一句指出,室内噪音可通过考虑周到和讲礼貌来控制,而工业噪音可通过良好规划和技术进步来控制,因此A和B都正确。C也正确,因为最后一段第二句提到,如果要解决交通噪音,整个社区都应该来做抉择(the community as a whole must decide on the control it needs to exercise)。C中The concerted efforts意思是“共同努力”。所以应选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/bwlO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith______.inthepassage,theauthorincludesallofthefollowingEXCEPT_
Whichonewasnotmentionedintheconclusiondocumentissuedbythesummit?
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperityandincreasingsocialunrestledtherulingfamilies
ModesofTransportation Thereareavarietyofmeansfortransportation.Usually,thechoiceoftransportationdependsonthe
ModesofTransportation Thereareavarietyofmeansfortransportation.Usually,thechoiceoftransportationdependsonthe
DidChinesesailorsreallydiscoverAmericabeforeColumbus?Anewexhibitionsetsthescene,presentingnew【1】_____.thatlends
TheUnitedNationsConferenceonDrugAbusethattookplaceearlierthisyearinVienna,wasaveryproductivemeeting.Asnever
A、PalestiniandeclaredindependenceB、PalestinianauthoritydidnotcurbthemilitantsC、Palestinianauthoritysupportthemilit
WATERThesecondmostimportantconstituentofthebiosphereisliquidwater.Thiscanonlyexistinaverynarrowrangeof
A、ThestoriesofHarryPotterarecriticizedinsomeothercitiesinU.SexceptNewMexiconB、YoungpeoplearefascinatedwithH
随机试题
正式把邓小平理论作为国家指导思想写入宪法的是在全国人大()。
男,45岁,因上呕下泻住某医院,每天静脉点滴庆大霉素16万单位共9天,近5天来少尿(200~300ml/d),球结膜水肿,腹水,下肢水肿。实验室检查:血BUN38.6mmol/L,血肌酐1214mmol/L,血清钾6.9mmol/L最好的治疗方法是
男,18岁,腹股沟斜疝发生嵌顿,行手法复位后,应密切观察
A.不得检出B.≤10MNPC.≤50MNPD.≤100MNPE.≤500MNP按照我国《医疗机构水污染物排放标准》(GB18466—2005)的规定,传染病、结核病医疗机构水污染物中的肠道致病菌和结核杆菌排放指标为
黄某倒卖文物案于2014年5月28日一审终结。6月9日(星期一),法庭宣判黄某犯倒卖文物罪,判处有期徒刑4年并立即送达了判决书,黄某当即提起上诉,但于6月13日经法院准许撤回上诉;检察院以量刑畸轻为由于6月12日提起抗诉,上级检察院认为抗诉不当,于6月17
根据有关规定,开放式基金的认购费率不得超过申购金额的()。
分解混合成本时,根据过去一定期间的业务量和混合成本的历史资料,应用最小二乘法原理得出的方法叫回归分析法。()
下列属于国家税务局系统负责征收和管理的税种是()。
为了避免IP地址的浪费,需要对IP地址中的主机号部分进行再次划分,再次划分后的IP地址的网络号部分和主机号部分的区分使用
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayentitledHarmofFakeCommodities.Youshouldwriteatleast120wor
最新回复
(
0
)