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  3. Recent years have brought minority owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and signific

Recent years have brought minority owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and signific

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问题     Recent years have brought minority owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, His-panics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $ 500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific per- centage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.
    Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $ 77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980’s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade.
    Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. I3oth consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’ s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.
    A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many in- stances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as "fronts" with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.
    Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often run the danger of becoming—and remaining—dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corpo- rate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.
The passage supplies information that would answer which of the following questions?
选项 A、What federal agencies have set percentage goals for the use of minority-owned businesses in public works contracts?
B、To which government agencies must businesses awarded federal contracts report their efforts to find minority subcontractors?
C、How widespread is the use of minority-owned concerns as "fronts" by White backers seeking to obtain subcontracts?
D、How many more minority-owned businesses were there in 1977 than in 1972?
E、What is one set of conditions under which a small business might find itself financially over-extended?
答案E
解析 文中信息可回答哪个问题?A．“联邦机构规定少数民族企业获得合同的比例”在文中提过，但未指出是哪个机构做出此种规定。B．“企业向政府机构报告它们的成效”，原文提过，但未提向何机构报告。C．文中未提“多大范围内少数民族企业被白人企业当前台傀儡使用”。D．原文提的是营业额，未提企业的数目。E．正确。小企业在何种情况下会发现自己财政上力不从心，第三段中的叙述。
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