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  3. The process of entering the confines of political and economic power can be pictured as a system in which persons are chosen fro

The process of entering the confines of political and economic power can be pictured as a system in which persons are chosen fro

admin2009-04-27  69
问题     The process of entering the confines of political and economic power can be pictured as a system in which persons are chosen from a political elite pool. (46)In this reservoir of possible leaders are the individuals with the skills, education, and other qualifications needed to fill elite positions. It is here that competition does exist, that the highest achievers do display their abilities, and that the best qualified do generally succeed. Here, what is more important is entering this reservoir of qualified people.
    (47)Many in the masses may have leadership abilities, but unless they can gain entrance into the elite pool, their abilities will go unnoticed. Those of the higher class and status rank enter more easily into this competition since they have been afforded greater opportunities to acquire the needed qualifications.
    (48)In addition to formal qualifications, there are less obvious social-psychological factors which tend to narrow the potential elite pool further. (49)"Self-assertion" and "self-elimination" are processes by which those of higher social status assert themselves and those of lower social status eliminate themselves from competition for elite positions. A young man whose family has been active in politics, who has attended Harvard, and who has established a network of connections to the high position in the business or political world will have a promising future. (50)On the other hand, a young man with less prestigious (有声望的) family background, no connections, and only a high school education or even a college degree from a state university would not likely expect a further place for himself at the top. As Prewitt and Stone explain, such an individual "has few models to follow, no contacts to put him into the right channels, and little reason to think of himself as potentially wealthy or powerful." Thus, self-selection aids in filtering out those of lower income and status groups from the pool of potential elites. Most eliminate themselves from the competition early in the game.

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答案除了一些正式的资格外，还有一些不太明显的社会心理因素往往会进一步缩小这个潜在的精英人才库的规模。
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