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  3. Working at nonstandard times—evenings, nights, or weekends—is taking its toll on American families. One-fifth of all employed Am

Working at nonstandard times—evenings, nights, or weekends—is taking its toll on American families. One-fifth of all employed Am

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问题     Working at nonstandard times—evenings, nights, or weekends—is taking its toll on American families. One-fifth of all employed Americans work variable or rotating shifts, and one-third work weekends, according to Harriet B. Presser, sociology professor at the University of Maryland. The result is stress on familial relationships, which is likely to continue in coming decades.
    The consequences of working irregular hours vary according to gender, economic level, and whether or not children are involved. Single mothers are more likely to work nights and weekends than married mothers. Women in clerical, sales or other low-paying jobs participate disproportionately in working late and graveyard shifts.
    Married-couple households with children are increasingly becoming dual-earner households, generating more split-shift couples. School-aged children, however, may benefit from parents’ nonstandard work schedules because of the greater likelihood that a parent will be home before or after school. On the other hand, a correlation exists between nonstandard work schedules and both marital instability and a decline in the quality of marriages.
    Nonstandard working hours mean families spend less time together for dinner but more time together for breakfast. One-on-one interaction between parents and children varies, however, based on parent, shift, and age of children. There is also a greater reliance on child care by relatives and by professional providers.
    Working nonstandard hours is less a choice of employees and more a mandate of employers. Presser believes that the need for swing shifts and weekend work will continue to rise in the coming decades. She reports that in some European countries there are substantial salary premiums for employees working irregular hours — sometimes as much as 50% higher. The convenience of having services available 24 hours a day continues to drive this trend.
    Unfortunately, says Presser, the issue is virtually absent from public discourse. She emphasizes the need for focused studies on costs and benefits of working odd hours, the physical and emotional health of people working nights and weekends, and the reasons behind the necessity for working these hours. "Nonstandard work schedules not only are highly prevalent among American families but also generate a level of complexity in family functioning that needs greater attention," she says.
Which of the following is affected most by working irregular hours?
选项 A、Children.
B、Marriage.
C、Single mothers.
D、Working women.
答案B
解析 本题信息点是is affected most by working irregular hours“受非正常工作时间上班影响最大”，该信息点是通过第三段间接体现的。第三段第二句表述了孩子因此而受益，下一句的On the other hand“另一方面”显然就标志本句要表述谁受损，也就是说本题答案就应该在该句。研读该句a correlation exists between nonstandard work schedules and both marital instability and a decline in the quality of marriages“非正常工作时间上班与婚姻稳定相互关联，也与婚姻质量下降相互关联”。由此我们得知，损害是婚姻稳定性和婚姻质量下降。由此确定本题答案为B项。
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