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  3. The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many great writers. Before considering the question, it wi

The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many great writers. Before considering the question, it wi

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问题     The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has
concerned many great writers. Before considering the question, it
will be useful to introduce some relating concepts. Conflict, defined【M1】______
as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is
distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among
social entities independent striving for something that is in【M2】______
inadequate supply.
    Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a
conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition,
that has been defined as a process by which social entities function【M3】______
in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted to【M4】______
cooperation, the process which social entities function in the service【M5】______
of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important
to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is
inevitable in a world of limited resources. Many authors have argued
for the inevitability of war from premise that, in the struggle for【M6】______
existence, only the fittest survive. In general, therefore, this struggle in【M7】______
nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys
and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership for the group. The【M8】______
struggle for existence occurs not in fights, but in the competition for
limited feeding areas and the occupancy of areas free from【M9】______
meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to
death or become victims to be other species. The struggle for【M10】______
existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition
of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials.
【M5】
选项
答案∧ which→by
解析 词汇错误。此处by表示“通过……，利用……”，如果没有介词by，此句意义不完整。
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