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  3. Employment Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever ha

Employment Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever ha

admin2010-01-13  52
问题                                            Employment
     Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.
     But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work?
     The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought about may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.
     Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people travelled longer distances to their places of employment until eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and places in which they in which they lived.
     Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife.
     All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the impractical goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.  
As a result of the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries, ______.
选项 A、people were not adequately compensated for the loss of their land
B、people were no longer legally entitled to reclaim land
C、people were badly paid for the work they managed to find
D、people were forced to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselves
答案D
解析 此题所涉及的相关细节在文章的第四段。从原文可以看到，圈地运动剥夺了人们的土地，也剥夺了他们自立的生活方式，使得他们不得不依靠就业来生活。由此可见，本题的正确答案应当为D。
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