首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Humans have never lacked for ways to get wasted. The natural world is full of soothing but addictive leaves and fruits and fungi
Humans have never lacked for ways to get wasted. The natural world is full of soothing but addictive leaves and fruits and fungi
admin
2014-09-05
68
问题
Humans have never lacked for ways to get wasted. The natural world is full of soothing but addictive leaves and fruits and fungi, and for centuries, science has added them to the pharmacopoeia to relieve the pain of patients. In the past two decades, that’s been especially true. As the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations developed new policies to treat pain more actively, approaching it not just as an unfortunate side effect of illness but as a fifth vital sign, along with temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure,a bounty of new opoids(鸦片类药物)has rolled off Big Pharma’s production line.
There was fentanyl,a synthetic opioid around since the 1960s that went into wide use as a treatment for cancer pain in the 1990s. That was followed by Oxycodone,a short-acting drug for more routine pain, and after that came Oxycontin, a 12-hour formulation of the same powerful pill. Finally came hydrocodone. The government considers hydrocodone a Schedule III drug—one with a " moderate or low " risk of dependency, as opposed to Schedule II’s,which carry a "severe"risk. Physicians must submit a written prescription for Schedule II drugs; for Schedule Ill’s, they just phone the pharmacy.(Schedule I substances are drugs like heroin that are never prescribed.)For patients, that wealth of choices spelled danger.
The result has hardly been surprising. Since 1990, there has been a tenfold increase in prescriptions for opioids in the U. S. , according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCP). In 1990 there were barely 6,000 deaths from accidental drug poisoning in the U. S. By 2007 that number had nearly quintupled,to 27,658.
Health officials do not tease out which drug is responsible for every death, and it’s not always possible. "There may be lots of drugs on board," says Cathy Barber, director of the Injury Control Research Center at the Harvard School of Public Health. " Is it the opioid that caused the death? Or is it the combination of opioid, benzodiazepine and a cocktail the person had?" Still,most experts agree that nothing but the exploding availability of opioids could be behind the exploding rate of death.
Despite such heavy death toll, the suivellance over these popular pills faces regulatory maze. In early 2009,the FDA announced that it was initiating a "risk-evaluation and mitigation strategy". The regulations the FDA is empowered to issue include requiring manufacturers to provide better information to patients and doctors, requiring doctors to meet certain educational criteria before writing opioid prescriptions and limiting the number of docs and pharmacies allowed to prescribe or dispense the drugs. "And with all that,"warns Dr. John Jenkins, director of the FDA’s Office of New Drugs, " we do still have to make sure patients have access to drugs they need. "Any regulations the FDA does impose won’t be announced until 2011 at the earliest and could take a year or more to roll out. That leaves millions of people continuing to fill prescriptions, tens of thousands per year dying and patients in genuine pain wondering when a needed medication will relieve their suffering—and when it could lead to something worse.
It can be inferred from the passage that______.
选项
A、medical community’ s adovacy pushes opoid misuse
B、doctor is the chief criminal for opoid abuse
C、many opoids are prescribed for nonmedical use
D、the slow progress of FDA’ s will leave many patients victims of medical accidents
答案
A
解析
本题是针对全文多处细节内容的推理引申。[A]可根据第一段内容判断出来。第一段提到近几年医疗组织鉴定联合委员会推出了新的政策,要求对病患的疼痛采取更加积极的治疗,并且将疼痛与心率,呼吸频率,血压和体温一起并称作生命五大体征。在这一背景下,医药公司才积极研制并生产出了许多新的鸦片类药物,为这种药物的泛滥埋下隐患。因此[A]正确。[B]错在过于绝对,文中并没有就药物泛滥的原因做出总结,但是我们町以大致判断有这样几个原因:医疗团体和医药公司的推动,医生的不谨慎,药品分级制度的不严谨和监管机构的表现不力等。[C]无中生有,虽然有这个可能,但是文中并未提及。[D]利用文章最后一句活设置干扰,因为FDA最早要到2011年才能推出监管细则,这样一来作者担心又有很多人会因为药物泛滥而无辜死亡了。这里偷梁换柱,将“药物泛滥”改成了“医疗事故”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/cRK4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Asanation,Japanisunusuallywellpreparedfornaturaldisasters.IntheyearssinceWorldWarII,successivegovernmentshav
Asanation,Japanisunusuallywellpreparedfornaturaldisasters.IntheyearssinceWorldWarII,successivegovernmentshav
Americanhighereducationstandsonthebrink(边缘)ofchaos.1havesomanyspentsolonglearningsolittle.Thepresentcri
YouaregoingtovisittheNationalLibraryinBeijingnextmonthandborrowsomebooks.Writealettertothelibrarianto:1)
Thenationaldebateaboutdivorcehasgenerallyfocusedontheworstoutcomes,withmanyassumingthereisnoneedtoworryabou
Hereissomeadviceonfoodshopping.The【C1】______familyspendsaboutone-sixthofitsincome【C2】______food.Becausefoodisex
Hereissomeadviceonfoodshopping.The【C1】______familyspendsaboutone-sixthofitsincome【C2】______food.Becausefoodisex
Predictionsoflargepopulationsofrobotsinindustryhaveyettocometrue.Foradecadeormore,manufacturersofbigrobots
Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetw
TheEconomistrecognizesthesetalentedpeoplethroughitsannualInnovationAwards,presentedinsixfields:bioscience,comput
随机试题
晶体三极管的噪声来源主要有()、()、分配噪声和1/f噪声。
社会主义道德建设的核心是为人民服务,为人民服务体现着
肿瘤压迫导致局部水肿的原因是
患者,女,59岁。农民。因“多饮、多尿3年,加重1年,意识不清4小时”急诊入院。查体温37.5℃,脉搏110次/分,呼吸24次/分,血压108/75mmHg。血糖28.50mmol/L,血钠152.0mmol/L,血钾4.87mmol/L,血氯122mmo
以下各组物权中,均属于用益物权的是()。
菲德罗河是一条依次流经甲乙丙丁四国的多国河流。1966年,甲乙丙丁四国就该河流的航行事项缔结条约,规定缔约国船舶可以在四国境内的该河流中通航。2005年底,甲国新当选的政府宣布:因乙国政府未能按照条约的规定按时维修其境内航道标志,所以甲国不再受上述条约的拘
在建筑电气工程施工程序安排中,关于布线系统的施工程序说法正确的是()。
一名同学参加科普知识竞赛,需回答三个问题,竞赛规则规定:答对第一、二、三个问题分别得100分、100分、200分,答错得0分,假设这位同学答对第一、二、三个问题的概率分别为0.8、0.7、0.6,且各题答对与否相互之间没有影响,则这名同学得300分的概率为
在嵌入式应用系统中,目前使用的触摸屏主要有两种:一种是___________【65】式触摸屏(俗称软屏),结构简单,价格较低;另一种是___________【66】式触摸屏(俗称硬屏),其结构相对复杂,价格较高。
实体完整性要求主属性不能为空值,这一点可以通过()来保证。
最新回复
(
0
)