首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progr
We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progr
admin
2010-06-17
42
问题
We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two aspects of science. The first of which is the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves that structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment. (46)
The second aspect is the application by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
(47)
Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.
The process of careful observation, perception of a pattern in the phenomena observed, followed by exploitation of this knowledge, has largely inspired the area of human activity known as "science". (48)
It has also provided the bases for the traditional methodology of science: objective observation and description of some phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis or hypotheses about the events observed and possible relationships among them, the use of these to predict future events, the verification of the hypotheses and, on this basis, the construction of a theory of some area of natural activity.
While this process still underlies most scientific activity, the classic "scientific method" has been criticized from a variety of perspectives. (49)
To begin with, it is apparent that the "objectivity" of science and scientists strictly characterizes only the lowest order of scientific activity—observation, and even here it is doubtful whether anyone can be a truly impartial observer of events.
What someone chooses to observe and the way one observes it must, after all, in part be a reflection of experience and of ideas as to what is significant. Consider, for example, the different ways in which an artist and a layman look at a painting and the different reactions they have to the same work.
The construction of hypotheses and theories reflects the scientist’s interpretation of what he or she has observed even more clearly than observation. At this stage of the scientific method, an element of subjectivity is inevitably present. This can most easily be seen in the extreme case of scientists of truly creative genius. Galileo, for instance, challenged the scientists (and the church) of his day with his hypothesis that the earth revolved around the sun. A twentieth century example is Watson and Click’s discovery of the molecular structure of DNA. (50)
Clearly, science may involve not only careful observation but also a willingness to be creative; this may entail looking beyond existing paradigms governing research in a given area of study.
选项
答案
第二个方面是全体社会成员(从政府官员到普通公民)都运用科学家们在科研工作中所采用的与众不同的思维方法和做法。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/cf44777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
WhenNeilArmstrongandBuzzAldrinreturnedfromthemoon,theircargoincludednearlyfiftypoundsofrockandsoil,whichwer
WhenNeilArmstrongandBuzzAldrinreturnedfromthemoon,theircargoincludednearlyfiftypoundsofrockandsoil,whichwer
Longtimeago,everyoneknewthatregularbedtimeswereimportant."Dreamon!"mostmodernparentsmightreply.Butresearchby
Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyoneperson
YawningcanbeaproblemattheofficeforLindsayEierman,whichmakesherembarrassed."I’veexplained,’I’msorry,Ididn’
Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingbarchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.
DanMillerisa19-year-oldbusinessstudentinLondon.He’salsotheCEOofasocialmediacompanythataimstoreachfivemill
InearlyJunesevenperformersdancedamong1080fountainstomarktheopeningofanewpublicspaceinLondonGranarySquare,p
Theword"contained"(Line6,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans______.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe______.
随机试题
磁石的主治证有
下列各选项中,属于郄穴的是
与大量输血无关的并发症是
嵌顿性疝手法复位后,护士应特别注意观察
患部红肿高大、根盘紧束,焮热疼痛者为患部形小如粟,顶白根硬而深,麻木痒痛者为
粤华酒店系个体户经营,2008年12月取得营业额120000元,购进菜、肉、蛋、面粉、大米等原料费为60000元,缴纳电费、水费、房租、煤气费等15000元,缴纳其他税费合计6600元,当月支付4名雇员工资共2000元(当地税务机关确定雇员月计税工资标准6
发行人推销证券的方法不包括( )。
将函数y=2x+1的图像按向量a平移得到函数y=2x+1的图像,则a等于().
下列关于社会保险法律制度的表述中,正确的是()。
AparentwithachildcarryingamusicalinstrumentoradrawingboardwalkingalongaBeijingsubwayplatformorstreetisafa
最新回复
(
0
)