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  3. Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judgin

Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judgin

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问题     Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
    All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
    Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
    Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes Vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1, 000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
    Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern "toy-bear" . And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
    But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
选项 A、The faculty of speech is inborn in man.
B、The child’s brain is highly selective.
C、Most children learn their language in definite stages.
D、All the above.
答案D
解析 本题为推理判断题。通读全文，文章中第一段提到了语言是孩子的基本需求，第四、五段讲到，专家们指出，学说语言的各阶段往往是经由个固定的顺序和个基本固定的年龄达到的，还讲到了孩子的大脑能够从他听到的周围各种声音中找到语言的顺序，然后对此加以分析，把这种语言的成分以种新的方式进行排列组合。由此可知，A、B、C选项的内容都可从文中推出，因此D为正确选项。
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