首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
(46)A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend towards "directed" or "programmed" researc
(46)A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend towards "directed" or "programmed" researc
admin
2009-04-26
85
问题
(46)
A recent phenomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend towards "directed" or "programmed" research; i.e. research whose scope and objectives are predetermined by private or government organizations rather than researchers themselves.
Any scientist working for such organizations and investigating in a given field therefore tends to do so in accordance with a plan or program designed beforehand.
At the beginning of the century, however, the situation was quite different. At that time there were no industrial research organizations in the modern sense: the laboratory unit consisted of a few scientists at the most, assisted by one or two technicians. (47)
Nevertheless, the scientist, often working with inadequate equipment in unsuitable rooms, was free to choose any subject for investigation he liked, since there was no predetermined program to which he had to conform.
(48)
As the century developed, the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently.
The increasing scale and scope of the experiments needed to test new hypotheses and develop new techniques and industrial processes led to the setting up of research groups or teams using highly-complicated equipment in elaborately-designed laboratories. (49)
Owing to the large sums of money involved, it was then felt essential to direct these human and material resources into specific channels with clearly-defined objectives.
In this way it was considered that the quickest and most practical results could be obtained. This, then, was programmed (programmatic) research,
One of the effects of this organized and standardized investigation is to cause the scientist to become increasingly involved in applied research (development), especially in the branches of science which seem most likely to have industrial applications. Private industry and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate results and show comparatively little interest in long-range investigations. (50)
In consequence, there is a steady shift of scientists from the pure to the applied field, where there are more jobs available, frequently more highly-paid and with better technical facilities than jobs connected with pure research in a university.
Owing to the interdependence between pure and applied science, it is easy to see that this system, if extended too far, carries considerable dangers for the future of science—and not only pure science, but applied science as well.
选项
答案
由于涉及大笔科研经费,因此有必要把这些人力和物力投入到目标明确的具体研究方面。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/coa4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Excitement,fatigue,andanxietycanallbedetectedfromsomeone’sblinks,accordingtopsychologistJohnStern(21)Washington
Excitement,fatigue,andanxietycanallbedetectedfromsomeone’sblinks,accordingtopsychologistJohnStern(21)Washington
Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthe
TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehind
Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresou
Britain’sCabinetOfficereleasedasweepingreportonthecountry’sfoodpolicy,anddeterminedthatBritonsarewastingtoomu
HenricIbsen,authoroftheplay"ADoll’sHouse",inwhichapretty,helplesshousewifeabandonsherhusbandandchildrentose
HenricIbsen,authoroftheplay"ADoll’sHouse",inwhichapretty,helplesshousewifeabandonsherhusbandandchildrentose
Mosthumanbeingsactuallydecidebeforetheythink.Whenanyhumanbeing—executive,specializedexpert,orpersoninthestreet
ThethirdsentenceofParagraph1impliesthat______.InParagraph5",thepowerless"probablyrefersto______.
随机试题
下列关于Word图形组合的叙述,正确的选项是()。
女性,3岁,患儿极度消瘦,皮肤于瘪起皱,大肉已脱,精神萎靡,啼哭无力,毛发干枯,腹凹如舟,不思饮食,大便稀溏,时有低热,口唇干燥,苔光,舌质淡,治疗首选方剂是
满足楼板耐火极限及分设疏散楼梯和安全出口的条件时,下列()类建筑的地下部分仍不允许设置汽车库。
昌盛公司是由A、B、C三方各出资400万元设立的,2011年末该公司所有者权益项目的余额为:实收资本为1200万元,资本公积为300万元,盈余公积为120万元,未分配利润为120万元。该公司为扩大经营规模A、B、C三方决定重组公司,吸收D投资者加入,且四方
旅游产品又称旅游服务产品,由物质要素和综合服务要素构成。()
阅读材料(二)班上有一个文静、可爱的小女生,初一新生刚入学时,她的脸上总洋溢着甜甜的微笑。不久,笑容从她的脸上消失了,她每天默默地坐在位子上,很少言语,对班级的事情漠不关心。起初,我并不在意,认为这是她的性格所致。有一天,我惊异地发现,
以下不属于《国家文化科技创新工程纲要》中所涉及的新兴文化产业的是()。
市场上一些经营者滥用市场支配地位垄断价格、强制交易,出现形形色色的限制竞争的行为。反垄断法是保护市场竞争,防止和制止垄断行为,维护市场秩序的重要法律制度。反对垄断、保护竞争有利于()。
某日.A夫妇邀请了三对夫妇来吃饭,他们分别是B夫妇、C夫妇和D夫妇。用餐时,他们八人均匀地坐在一张圆桌旁.且只有一对夫妇是被隔开的,现已知:I.A太太对面的人是坐在B先生左边的先生。Ⅱ.C太太左边的人是坐在D先生对面的一位女士。Ⅲ.D先生右边的人是位
评述大学院大学区制。
最新回复
(
0
)