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  3. For years there have been endless articles stating that scientists are on the verge of achieving artificial intelligence, that i

For years there have been endless articles stating that scientists are on the verge of achieving artificial intelligence, that i

admin2011-03-01  12
问题    For years there have been endless articles stating that scientists are on the verge of achieving artificial intelligence, that it is just around the corner. The truth is that it may be just around the corner, but they haven’t yet found the right clock.    Artificial intelligence aims to build machines that can think. One immediate problem is to define thought, which is harder than you might think. The specialists in the field of artificial intelligence complain, with some justification, that anything that their machines do is dismissed as not being thought. For example, computers can now play very, very good chess. They can’t beat the greatest players in the world, but they can beat just about anybody else. If a human being played chess at this level, he or she would certainly be considered smart. Why not a machine? The answer is that the machine doesn’t do anything clever in playing chess. It uses its blinding speed to do a brute-force search of all possible moves for several moves ahead, evaluates the outcomes and picks the best. Humans don’t play chess that way. They see patterns, which computers don’t.
   This wooden approach to thought characterizes machine intelligence. Computers have no judgment, no flexibility, no common sense. So-called expert systems, one of the hottest areas in artificial intelligence, aim to mimic the reasoning processes of human experts in a limited field, such as medical diagnosis or weather forecasting. There may be limited commercial applications for this sort of thing, but there is no way to make a machine think about anything under the sun, which a teenager can do. The hallmark of artificial intelligence to date is that if a problem is severely restricted, a machine can achieve limited success. But when the problem is expanded to a realistic one, computers fall flat on their display screens. For example, machines can understand a few words spoken individually by a speaker that they have been trained to hear. They cannot understand continuous speech using an unlimited vocabulary spoken by just any speaker.
The advantage of the computer in playing chess lie in its______.
选项 A、cleverness in thinking out original moves
B、ability to pick up the best out of all possible moves very quickly
C、flexibility in choosing several different moves
D、ability to see patterns
答案B
解析 推理判断题。由第二段的后半部分，得出“计算机在下棋时会计算接下来好多种走法，并且每种可能性都算几步棋”以及“而人不会这样”，可以得出计算机在下棋时的优势。
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