首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical
admin
2015-01-09
55
问题
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical hypothesis is that hypnosis may be the product of "vivid imagination", a now discredited charge stemming from the observation that many people who are hypnotizable can be led to experience compellingly realistic auditory and visual hallucinations. Nothing that an auditory hallucination and the act of imagining a sound are both self-generated and that,like real hearing,a hallucination is experienced as the product of an external source, Henry Szechtman used PET(positron emission tomography)to image the brain activity of hypnotized subjects invited to imagine a scenario and then experiencing a hallucination. By monitoring regional blood flow in areas activated during both hearing and auditory hallucination but not during simple imagining, the investigators sought to determine where in the brain a hallucinated sound is mistakenly "tagged"as authentic and originating in the outside world.
Szechtman imaged the brain activity of eight very hypnotizable subjects who had been prescreened for their ability to hallucinate under hypnosis. During the session,the subjects were under hypnosis and lay in the PET scanner with their brain activity being monitored under four conditions:at rest;while hearing an audiotape of a voice,while imagining hearing the voice again;and during the auditory hallucination they experienced after being informed that the tape was playing once more,although it was not. The tests suggested that a region of the brain called the right anterior cingulate cortex was just as active while the volunteers were hallucinating as it was while they were actually hearing the stimulus. In contrast, that brain area remained dormant while the subjects were imagining that they heard the stimulus.
The second major objection raised by critics argues that hypnosis’ ability to blunt pain results from either simple relaxation or a placebo response. McGlashan established that while hypnosis was only as effective in reducing pain as a sugar pill for poorly hypnotizable people,highly hypnotizable subjects benefited three times more from hypnosis than from the placebo. In response to these successes,Rainville devised experiments to determine which brain structures are involved in pain relief during hypnosis,attempting to locate the brain structures associated with the suffering component of pain,as distinct from its sensory aspects. Using PET, he and other scientists found that hypnosis reduced the activity of the anterior cingulate cortex—an area known to be involved in pain—but did not affect the activity of the somatosensory cortex, where the sensations of pain are processed.
Despite the value of these findings,the mechanisms underlying hypnotic pain relief are still poorly understood. The model favored by most researchers is that the analgesic effect of hypnosis occurs in higher brain centers than those involved in registering the painful sensation, accounting for the fact that most autonomic responses that routinely accompany pain—such as increased heart rate—are relatively unaffected by hypnotic suggestions of analgesia.
It can be inferred that researchers abandoned the skeptical "vivid imagination "hypothesis because ____.
选项
A、a new and more attractive hypothesis was suggested
B、research results provided evidence to counter the hypothesis
C、no research was reported that supported the hypothesis
D、the hypothesis was supported only by Szechtman’s study, and not McGlashan’s
答案
B
解析
细节题。问的是丰富想像力假说不被承认的原因。文章提到“…stemming from the observation thatmany people who are hypnotizable can be led to experience compellingly realistic auditory and visualhallucinations”,由此可知是实验结果对此反驳了这一假说。所以正确答案是B选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/cqQO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Architectsarehopelesswhenitcomestodecidingwhetherthepublicwillviewtheirdesignsasmarvelsormonstrosities,accord
Recentyearshavebroughtminority-ownedbusinessesintheUnitedStatesunprecedentedopportunitiesaswellasnewandsignific
Tourismdevelopsculture.Itbroadensthethinkingofthetravelerandleadstoculture【C1】______betweenthehostsandguestsfr
ThefamiliarsoundsofanearlyEnglishsummerarewithusonceagain.MillionsofchildrensitdowntoSATs,GCSEs,AS-levels,
Atmanycolleges,smokersarebeingrunnotjustoutofschoolbuildingsbutoffthepremises.OnNov.19,theUniversityofKen
Tobepassivemaybetakeninthreeways.Firstly,initsmoststrictsense,whenfromathingistakensomethingwhichbelongs
Inherbrightyellowcoat,shewaseasily______inthecrowed.
Becauseofitsintimacy,radioisusuallymorethanjustamedium;itis______.
Thejudgeremainedsoberdespitethelawyer’sludicrousattempttoprovethedefendant’sinnocence.
Wewereunabletoreachadecisionbecausewefeltthatthespeakerhadbeenandhadavoidedansweringmanyofourquestions.
随机试题
下列哪类血管可见透明血栓
男性,66岁,突发胸痛6小时未缓解,给予硝酸甘油和t-PA治疗,1天后患者病情稳定,但发现心尖部出现收缩期杂音,未及震颤,应怀疑上述哪种可能性最大早期容易引起急性肺水肿的是
女性,6岁。口腔检查发现:右上颌第一磨牙牙合面窝沟深,探诊有粗糙感,能卡住探针,余未见异常。据此,对该患牙最适宜的治疗方法是
糖皮质激素的适应症不包括
当设有自动联动装置或自动灭火系统时,应采用()。
按照防火、防瓦斯安全要求,下列叙述错误的是()。
公司、企业、事业单位、机关、团体实施严重危害社会行为的,应当负刑事责任。()
目前很多城市的新地标,要么比高度,要么比奢华,或是一味追求前卫和怪诞,与周边的历史文脉形成尖锐的反差。由于建筑特别是地标性建筑关涉百年大计,千年大计,一旦造好,就很难改变,因而近年来有不少公认的败笔,已成为城市中极不和谐的音符,为世人所诟病,并为后人留下笑
在Excel2003中,打开两个工作簿Book1和Book2,在工作簿Book1中引用工作簿Book2的Sheet1工作表的第3行第5列单元格,可表示为()。
“千兆以太网”通常是一种高速局域网,其网络数据传输速率大约为()。
最新回复
(
0
)