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Listen to the following dialogue and interpret it as required. After you hear a sentence or a short passage in Chinese, interpre
Listen to the following dialogue and interpret it as required. After you hear a sentence or a short passage in Chinese, interpre
admin
2020-01-11
21
问题
Listen to the following dialogue and interpret it as required. After you hear a sentence or a short passage in Chinese, interpret it into English by speaking in to the microphone. After you hear a sentence or a short passage in English, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the dialogue only once. Now let’s begin.
下面你将听到一段关于国内生产总值的对话。
A:国内生产总值也就是人们常说的GDP,是衡量一国经济发展水平的重要指标。每个季度,人们都会通过这个指标,把握经济运行状况。那么GDP是什么时候成为了如此重要的一个指标呢?
B: It got its present shape1 immediately after the Second World War. It was excellent at measuring the increasing output from factories that were mass producing consumer goods2 spreading around the populations of the Western world. So many of us experienced that. In my family, we got the television to watch the moon landing3. We got the telephone, the central heating and a car eventually.
A:难怪GDP被人们称为“二十世纪最伟大的发明之一”。但是,很多经济学家以及政策制定者都越来越认为,只看GDP会过于片面,让我们很容易把GDP和生活幸福指数混为一谈,您对此怎么看?
B: GDP is a good measure for mass-produced things, for example, shoes, but it doesn’t really care if all the shoes are the same. But as time has gone by, we have come to care more about the variety of things, the customization, the intangibility. And GDP just doesn’t say anything about that.
A:我最近读了一本介绍GDP历史的著作,书中指出了GDP的几个缺陷。我印象最深刻的是,发生地震、火灾、洪水之后要大量投资重建灾区,所以,灾难对GDP来说居然成了好消息。
B: Yes, that is a paradox that’s long been known. In GDP, there’s no accounting for the loss of those assets and the costs that they impose on people. And given the fact that we’re using natural resources to produce today’s consumption, we risk eating tomorrow’s capital and tomorrow’s consumption by consuming so much today.
A:随着经济的数字化程度越来越高、创新速度的加快和“无形服务”的丰富,GDP这一个指标不足以衡量经济社会的繁荣进步。那么,您认为,除了GDP,我们还应该关注哪些东西呢?比如人力资本、自然资源等,对吗?
B: Yes, we need to pay attention to the things that were overlooked a lot during those high GDP years—the different kinds of assets that people need to lead the kind of lives that they want to. Money’s part of that. Also what economists call human capital. I would add the infrastructure, and the natural resources. And finally, what we in the jargon call social capital—How well able is your community to take collective decisions.
A:所以这本书也是在提醒人们不能舍本逐末,虽然GDP的作用不可替代,但它不是万能的。
B: Exactly.
选项
答案
A: Gross domestic product, commonly known as GDP, is an important index for a country’s economic performance. It’s the indicator a lot of people look at every three months to see how the economy’s doing. So when was the time during which GDP became so valuable? B:现代意义上的GDP形成于二战之后。GDP一直都擅长衡量工厂不断增加的产值,这些工厂大规模生产的消费品,传播到了整个西方世界。很多人都能感受到这种变化,我们家买了台电视,收看了登月转播;后来安了电话、集中供暖,再后来买了车。 A: No wonder GDP was hailed as one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century. However, many economists and policy makers increasingly think it’s no longer enough to just look at GDP because it’s often mistaken for welfare. What’s your take on that? B:对于皮鞋这种大规模生产的产品来说,GDP是一个非常有用的指标,但是这些鞋子是一个样子还是各不相同,GDP是看不出来的。可问题在于,人们越来越关心产品的多样性了,也就是定制化个性化的产品,这些都是无形的,在GDP中体现不了。 A: Lately I’ve been reading a book on the history of GDP that points out several of its shortcomings. What struck me most is that if a natural disaster occurred, like an earthquake, a wild fire or a flood, then that’s actually great for GDP because of the huge investment for rebuilding the disaster-stricken areas that goes on afterwards. B:是的,这个矛盾由来己久了。GDP不会计入这些财产损失和受灾群众因此遭受的损失。此外,在生产今天的消费品时,我们消耗了大量自然资源,所以就有寅吃卯粮的风险,实际上现在消耗的是未来的资本,影响的是未来的消费。 A: With the economy getting more digitized, innovation accelerated and intangible services more abundant, GDP alone is not enough to measure the prosperity and progress in the society and economy. So what would be on your dashboard of indicators, other than GDP? Human capital, natural resources and the like, right? B:是的,我们应该关注那些在高(GDP)增长年代被忽视的东西,也就是人们过上理想生活必不可少的一些资本。钱是一方面,另一方面是经济学家所称的人力资本。除此以外,还有基础设施、自然资源。最后还有社会资本,这是一个经济学术语,是指你的社区是否有能力做出良好集体决策。 A:So this book is reminding us what’s really important. Though irreplaceable, GDP is not impeccable. B:的确如此。
解析
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