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  3. Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judgin

Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judgin

admin2010-06-18  61
问题    Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
   All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
   Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.
   Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four he knows his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
   Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity of speaking. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern "toy- bear". And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
   But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.
Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?
选项 A、The faculty of speech is inborn in man.
B、Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.
C、The child’s brain is highly selective.
D、Most children learn their language in definite stages.
答案B
解析 根据第五段第一句中的“an infant is born with the capacity of speaking”，便可推导出[A]从同一段的“even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him，to analyze，to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways”，就可推导出[C]；根据第四段则可推断出[D]。因此[A]，[C]和[D]均不是正确答案。而 [B]中的内容与最后一段中的“Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals”相矛盾，故[B]为正确答案。需要注意的是anything but表示强烈的否定。
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