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  3. Child psychologists—and kindergarten teachers—have long known that when children first show up for school, some of them speak a

Child psychologists—and kindergarten teachers—have long known that when children first show up for school, some of them speak a

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问题     Child psychologists—and kindergarten teachers—have long known that when children first show up for school, some of them speak a lot more fluently than others. Psychologists also know that children’s socioeconomic status tends to be closely connected with their language facility. The better off and more educated a child’s parents are, the better vocabulary ability that child tends to have by school age—and vocabulary skill is a key predictor for success in school. Children from low-income families, who may often start school knowing significantly fewer words than their better-off peers, will struggle for years to make up that ground.
    Previous studies have shown that wealthier, educated parents talk to their young children more, using more complex vocabulary and sentences, than parents of lesser means. And these differences may help explain why richer kids start school with richer vocabularies. But what goes on before children can talk, during that phase—familiar to any parent—when communication takes the form of pointing, waving, grabbing and other kinds of baby sign language? Do well—off parents also gesture more to their kids?
    Indeed they do, say psychologists Susan Goldin-Meadow and Meredith Rowe of the University of Chicago. The researchers found that at 14 months of age, babies already showed a wide range of "speaking" ability through gestures, and that those differences were closely linked with their socioeconomic background and how frequently their parents used gestures to communicate. High-income, better-educated parents gestured more frequently to their children to convey meaning and new concepts, and in turn, their kids gestured more to them. When researchers tested the same children at 54 months of age, they found that those early gesturers turned out to have better vocabulary ability than other students.
    At 14 months of age, researches say, pointing toward an object is the way most kids use gestures. If a parent responds to that gesture by identifying the object in words—by saying, "That’s a doll," for example—children get a head start on growing their original vocabularies. "That’s a teachable moment, and mothers are teaching the kids the word for an object," says Goldin-Meadow.
Psychologists have found that children’s language ability largely depends on_____.
选项 A、their family’s socioeconomic background
B、their successful performance in school
C、their education background before school
D、their own personality
答案A
解析 该句表明孩子的语言能力与其家庭的社会经济背景有关，父母越富有、受教育程度越高，孩子的语言能力就越强。题干中的language ability与文中的language facility对应，largely depends on与closely connected with对应，该句中的主语socioeconomic status为本题答案，A与其为同义替换，故为答案。
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