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  3. The United States in the 1990s has had seven years of economic boom with low unemployment, low inflation, and low government def

The United States in the 1990s has had seven years of economic boom with low unemployment, low inflation, and low government def

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问题     The United States in the 1990s has had seven years of economic boom with low unemployment, low inflation, and low government deficit. Amid all of this good news, inequality has increased and wages have barely risen. Common sense knowledge seems to be right in this instance, that is, the rich get richer, the poor get poorer, and the middle class is shrinking. Though President Clinton boasts that the number of people on welfare has decreased significantly under his regime to 8 million, a 44% decline from 1994, he forgets that there are still 36.5 million poor people in the United States, which is only a 2% decline in the same amount of time. How is it possible that we have increasing inequality during economic prosperity?
    This contradiction is not easily explained by the dominant neoclassical economic discourse of our time. Nor is it resolved by neoconservative social policy. More helpful is the one book under review: James K. Galbraith’s Created Unequal, a Keynesian analysis of increasing wage inequality.
    James K. Galbraith provides a multicausal analysis that blames the current free market monetary policy for the increasing wage inequality. He calls for a rebellion in economic analysis and policy and for a reapplication of Keynesian macroeconomics to solve the problem. In Created Unequal, Galbraith successfully debunks the conservative contention that wage inequality is necessary because the new skill-based technological innovation requires educated workers who are in short supply. For Galbraith, this is a fantasy. He also critiques their two other assertions: first, that global competition requires an increase in inequality and that the maintenance of inequality is necessary to fight inflation. He points to transfer payments that are mediated by the state: payment to the poor in the form of welfare is minor relative to payment to the elderly in the form of social security or to the rich in the form of interest on public and private debt.
    Galbraith minimizes the social indicators of race, gender, and class and tells us that these are not important in understanding wage inequality. What is important is Keynesian macroeconomics. To make this point, he introduces a sectoral analysis of the economy. Here knowledge is dominant(the K-sector)and the producers of consumption goods(the C-sector)are in decline. The third sector is large and low paid(the S-sector). The K-sector controls the new technologies and wields monopoly power. Both wages and profit decline in the other two sectors. As a result of monopoly, power inequality increases.
According to the passage, Galbraith’s book_____.
选项 A、is devoted to analyzing why economic boom usually goes with wage inequality
B、reviews the dominant neoclassical economic discourse of our time
C、recommend resolving the present problem by neoconservative social policy
D、attributes the present increasing wage inequality to several factors
答案D
解析 这是一道细节题。题干中的信号词为Galbraith，出自第二段第三句话。文章第二段提到了加尔布雷思的书。第三段指出：詹姆士K．加尔布雷思进行了多重原因分析，将该问题归咎于目前的自由市场货币政策。这说明，加尔布雷思认为，目前的工资不平等现象是由好几个因素造成的。D说“把目前不断增长的工资不平等现象归因于好几个原因”，这与文章的意思符合。文中没有提到A；与B有关的信息是第二段的第一句话，文中是说“我们这个时代占主导地位的新古典主义经济理论不能轻易解释这种矛盾”，这并不是加尔布雷思的观点，所以B不对：与C有关的信息是第三段的第三句话，文中是说“加尔布雷思成功地批驳了这样的保守观点”，说明C不对。
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