首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
What does a scientist do when he or she "explains" something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms; generalization and redu
What does a scientist do when he or she "explains" something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms; generalization and redu
admin
2014-04-23
72
问题
What does a scientist do when he or she "explains" something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms; generalization and reduction. Most psychologists deal with generalization. They explain particular instances of behavior as examples of general laws. For instance, most psychologists would explain a pathologically strong fear of dogs as an example of classical conditioning. Presumably, the person was frightened earlier in life by a dog. An unpleasant stimulus was paired with the sight of the animal [perhaps the person was knocked down by an exuberant (充满 活力的) dog] and the subsequent sight of dogs evokes the earlier response—fear.
Most physiologists deal with reduction. Phenomena are explained in terms of simpler phenomena. For example, the movement of a muscle is explained in terms of changes in the membrane (薄膜,隔膜) of muscle cells, entry of particular chemicals, and interactions between protein molecules within these cells. A molecular biologist would "explain" these events in terms of forces that bind various molecules together and cause various parts of these molecules to be attracted to one another.
The task of physiological psychology is to "explain" behavior in physiological terms. Like other scientists, physiological psychologists believe that all natural phenomena—including human behavior—are subject to the laws of physics. Thus, the laws of behavior can be reduced to descriptions of physiological processes.
How does one study the physiology of behavior? Physiological psychologists cannot simply be reductionists. It is not enough to observe behaviors and correlate them with physiological events that occur at the same time. Identical behaviors, under different conditions, may occur for different reasons, and thus be initiated by different physiological mechanisms- this means that we must understand "psychologically" why a particular behavior occurs before we can understand what physiological events made it occur.
According to the passage, which of the following is important in explaining a muscle movement?
选项
A、The flow of blood to the muscles.
B、Classical conditioning.
C、Protein interaction.
D、The entry of unpleasant stimuli through the cell membrane.
答案
C
解析
文中第二段第三句说:“例如,一块肌肉的运动可以用肌肉细胞膜的变化来解释,特殊的化学物质的进入和这些细胞内蛋白质分子之间的相互作用而引起肌肉的运动。”由此可知,选项C正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/dIWO777K
0
在职攻硕英语联考
相关试题推荐
Ascientificlawisliableatanytimetoneed______;thatisaneternaltruth.
Thenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7~8hours’sleepalternationwithsome16—17hours’wakefulnessandthatthe
Thenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7~8hours’sleepalternationwithsome16—17hours’wakefulnessandthatthe
Withinhoursofappearingontelevisiontoannouncetheendofconscription,PresidentJacquesChiracmovedquicklytopreventa
HowtoGetPreservedasaFossil【M1】Unfortunatelythechangesofanyanimalbecomeafossilarenotverygreat,and【M2】the
Neverbeforehasflyingbeensocontroversial.Inthespaceoftwoyears,theenvironmentaldamagedonebyplaneshasgonefrom
Thegovernment’sfullpublicdisclosureofthedecisiononlyswelledthechorusofprotests.
Animportantinnovationinthiscollegewastheintroductionoftheseminarymethodforadvancedstudents.
ThebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfasatouristdestinationtobereckonedwith,isthatitisattheendof
______herealizeditwasalreadytoolateforustoreturnhome.
随机试题
A.对乙酰氨基酚B.甲巯咪唑C.胰岛素D.甲状腺素E.氯硝西泮乙型肝炎患者皮下注射干扰素,1个月后出现嗜睡、体重增加,体检查出甲状腺功能减退。药师建议可口服
政治学研究常用的方法有哪些?
放射性疾病其类型有
侵蚀性葡萄胎和绒毛膜癌均可发生于
境内自然人申请开立证券账户,需提供的材料有( )。
将投资分为对内投资和对外投资的标志是()。
其他应收款的范围包括()。
人在晚上听钟表的滴答声,会感觉滴答声一时强一时弱。这体现了注意的()。
双面心理指人们在工作、学习等方面表现出来的一方面十分投入,加倍努力,另一方面又心生厌恶甚至排斥的矛盾心理现象。下列不属于双面心理的是()。
Youmaysaythatthebusinessofmarkingbooksisgoingtoslowdownyourreading.【C1】______probablywill.That’soneofthe【C2】
最新回复
(
0
)