首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two
One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two
admin
2012-11-11
102
问题
One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two "behavior segments" in some novel way, never actually performed before so as to reach a goal. Two followers of Clark Hull, Howard and Tracey Kendler, (1) a test for children that was explicitly based on Clark Hull’s principles. The children were given the (2) of learning to operate a machine so as to get a toy. In order to succeed they had to go through a two-stage (3) . The children were trained on each stage (4) . The stages consisted merely of pressing the correct one of two buttons to get a marble; and of (5) the marble into a small hole to release the toy.
The Kendlers found that the children could learn the separate bits readily enough. (6) the task of getting a marble by pressing the button they could get the marble; given the task of getting a toy when a marble was handed to them, they could use the marble. (All they had to do was put it in a hole.) (7) they did not for the most part "integrate", to use the Kendlers’ terminology. They did not press the button to get the marble and then (8) without further help to use the marble to get the toy. So the Kendlers concluded that they were incapable of deductive (9) .
The mystery at first appears to deepen when we learn, from (10) psychologist, Michael Cole, and his colleagues, that adults in an African culture apparently cannot do the Kendlers’ task either. But it lessens, (11) , when we learn that a task was devised which was (12) to the Kendlers’ one but much easier for the African males to handle.
(13) the button-pressing machine, Cole used a locked box and two (14) colored match-boxes, one of which contained a key that would open the box. Notice that there are still two (15) segments—"open the right matchbox to get the key" and "use the key to open the box"—so the task seems formally to be (16) . But psychologically it is quite different. Now the subject is dealing not with a strange machine but with familiar meaningful objects; and it is clear to him what he is meant to do. It then (17) that the difficulty of integration is greatly reduced.
Recent work by Simon Hewson is of great interest here for it shows that, for young children, (18) , the difficulty lies not in the (19) processes which the task demands, but in certain perplexing features of the apparatus and the procedure. When these are changed in ways which do not at all affect the inferential nature of the problem, then five-year-old children solve the problem (20) college students did in the Kendlers’ own experiments.
选项
A、infectious
B、inferential
C、innovative
D、indignant
答案
B
解析
本题测试词义搭配。infections意为“有传染性的,易传染的”;inferential意为“推理的,推论性的”,指涉及推理行为或与推理行为有关的;innovative意为“创新的,革新的”;indignant意为“愤怒的,愤慨的”。所填之词修饰processes,所以应该选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/dNe4777K
0
考研英语二
相关试题推荐
Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?Themainfunctionoftheliveristo______.
Theauthorthinksthatpullfactors______.People’sdecisionstomigratemightbeinfluencedbyallthefollowingEXCEPT____
WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheAmerica’seconomicsituation?Whatdoesthefigure0.2%inParagraph1indicate?
Thelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst,Beauti
Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertising
"Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohavew
Readthefollowingtextandanswerquestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarked
Oneofthemosteminentofpsychologists,ClarkHull,claimedthattheessenceofreasoningliesintheputtingtogetheroftwo
OlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryearsatadifferentsite,inwhichathletes【1】differentnationscompeteagainsteachotherin
In1999,thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2008,ithad【1】the$100abarrelmark.Thereasonsforthesurge【2】fro
随机试题
傣族的年节称()。
接待で湯水のように会社の経費が使えたのはパブルの頃まで。今や我が社は経費節減で、全ての交際費は経費が使えずに________しかない状況だ。もしや、自主退職に追い込む戦略なのか。
平键、半圆键和花键均以键的两侧面实现周向固定和传递转矩。()
标准公开明确、机会公开平等、效率很高的人员任用方式是()。
下列关于竹质脚手架材料的说法中,错误的是()。
和平犹如空气和阳光,受益而不觉,失之则难存,没有和平,发展就无从谈起。国家无论大小、强弱、贫富,都应该做和平的维护者和促进者。这表明()。
房地产开发企业建造的商品房在出售前已经使用或出租、出借的,不缴纳房产税。()
"Freebie"marketingA.Inthelate18905.whiletravelingasanitinerantsalespersonfortheCrown.CorkandSealCompany.K
Inrecentyearsmoreandmorecompanieshaveinvolvedinthetideofincorporatingdownsizingthroughouttheworld.Downsizingi
InasurveyconductedbyresearchfirmHarrisInteractive,71%ofAmericanssaidthatspendingextramoneyontravelduringthe
最新回复
(
0
)