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  3. 【C1】______job applications to eliminate discrimination is not easy. Ten big employers in the public and private sectors—includin

【C1】______job applications to eliminate discrimination is not easy. Ten big employers in the public and private sectors—includin

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问题    【C1】______job applications to eliminate discrimination is not easy. Ten big employers in the public and private sectors—including the civil service, HSBC and Deloitte—have agreed to start【C2】______on a "name-blind" basis in Britain; others may also follow suit. In such schemes, those drawing up shortlists of applicants cannot see their【C3】______, with the aim of【C4】______racial and sexual bias. But do they work?
   In France a law passed in 2006 made the anonymising of applicants’ CVs 【C5】______ for firms of over 50 employees. But the government was slow in laying【C6】______the conditions for how the law would operate, and only started 【C7】______ it last year. In Sweden and the Netherlands there have been some trials.
   Discrimination against job applicants based on their names is well【C8】______, particularly among ethnic minorities. An experiment in Germany found that candidates with German-sounding names were 14% more likely to be called 【C9】______ an interview than candidates with Turkish ones. A review of various studies, by the Institute for the Study of Labour (IZA) , a German outfit, found that anony-mised job applications【C10】______the chances of ethnic-minority candidates being invited to a / an【C11】______. A Swedish study found that it led to more【C12】______candidates being hired.
   However, the results from other trials are not【C13】______. A second Swedish experiment found that only women, not immigrants, were boosted by anonymous recruitment. According to the IZA, experiments in the Netherlands showed no【C14】______in the likelihood of ethnic-minority candidates being offered a job if their CVs were seen anonymously, suggesting that discrimination had【C15】______at the interview stage.
   Ensuring that a candidate is completely【C16】______is also tricky. A 2012 French study found that【C17】______candidates and those from poor districts were less likely to be called for interview when applications were anonymised. Its authors suggested that recruiters may have used other【C18】______, such as knowledge of Arabic, to【C19】______race.
   Going name-blind when shortlisting candidates may be a sensible start, but it is likely to be just a small step towards【C20】______hiring bias.
【C8】
选项 A、documented
B、shaped
C、realized
D、understood
答案A
解析 本句意为“求职者，特别是少数民族人因为名字而受到歧视的现象______”。be well documented是固定搭配，意为“有记载可依”，故A项为正确答案。B项shaped“被塑造”、C项realized“被意识到”和D项understood“被理解”均与题意不符。
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