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  3. Two modes of argumentation have been used on behalf of women’s emancipation in Western societies. Arguments in what could be cal

Two modes of argumentation have been used on behalf of women’s emancipation in Western societies. Arguments in what could be cal

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问题     Two modes of argumentation have been used on behalf of women’s emancipation in Western societies. Arguments in what could be called the "relational" feminist tradition maintain the doctrine of "equality in difference," or equity as distinct for equality. They posit that biological distinctions between the sexes result in a necessary sexual division of labor in the family and throughout society and that women’ s procreative labor is currently undervalued by society, to the disadvantage of women. By contrast, the individualist feminist tradi- tion emphasizes individual human rights and celebrates women’ s quest for personal autonomy, while downplaying the importance of gender roles and minimizing discussion of childbearing and its at- tendant responsibilities.
    Before the late nineteenth century, these views coexisted within the feminist movement, often within the writings of the same individual. Between 1890 and 1920, however, relational feminism, which had been the dominant strain in feminist thought, and which still pre-dominates among European and non-Western feminists, lost ground in England and the United States. Because the concept of individual rights was already well established in the Anglo-Saxon legal and political tradition, individualist feminism came to predominate in English-speaking countries. At the same time, the goals of the two approaches began to seem increasingly irreconcilable. Individualist feminists began to advocate a totally gender-blind system with equal rights for all. Relational feminists, while agreeing that equal educational and economic opportunities outside the home should be available for all women, continued to em- phasize women’s special contributions to society as homemakers and mothers; they demanded special treatment including protective legislation for women workers, state-sponsored maternity benefits, and paid compensation for housework.
    Relational arguments have a major pitfall : because they underline women’ s physiological and psychological distinc- tiveness, they are often appropriated by political adversaries and used to endorse male privilege. But the individualist approach, by attacking gender roles, denying the significance of physiological difference, and condemning existing familial institutions as hopelessly patriarchal, has often simply treated as irrelevant the family roles important to many women. If the individualist framework, with its claim for women’s autonomy, could be harmonized with the family-oriented concerns of relational feminists, a more fruitful model for contemporary feminist politics could emerge.
According to the author, which of the following was true of feminist thought in Western societies before 1890?
选项 A、Individualist feminist arguments were not found in the thought or writing of non-English-speaking feminists.
B、Individualist feminism was a strain in feminist thought, but another strain, relational feminism, predominated.
C、Relational and individualist approaches were equally prevalent in feminist thought and writing.
D、The predominant view among feminists held that the welfare of women was ultimately less important than the welfare of children.
E、The predominant view among feminists held that the sexes should receive equal treatment under the law.
答案B
解析 哪一个关于西方社会女权思想在1890年以前的说法是对的?文中提到1890年以后的演变，关系式主张在一些国家让位于个人式主张。B．正确。个人式女权思想是一家之言，但关系式思想居统治地位。A、C、D、E均不合上述推理。
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