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  3. In Forces of Production , David Noble examines the transformation of the machine-tool industry as the industry moved from relian

In Forces of Production , David Noble examines the transformation of the machine-tool industry as the industry moved from relian

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问题     In Forces of Production , David Noble examines the transformation of the machine-tool industry as the industry moved from reliance on skilled arti- sans to automation. Noble writes from a Marxist perspective, and his central argument is that management, in its decisions to automate, conspired against labor: the power that the skilled machin- ists wielded in the industry was intolerable to management. Noble fails to substantiate this claim, although his argument is impressive when he applies the Marxist concept of " de-skilling "—the use of technology to replace skilled laboi— to the automation of the machine-tool industry. In automating, the industry moved to computer-based, digitalized " numerical-control" (N/C) technolo- gy, rather than to artisan-generated "record-playback"(R/P)technology.
    Although both systems reduced reliance on skilled labor, Noble clearly prefers R/P, with its inherent acknowl- edgment of workers’ skills: unlike N/ C, its programs were produced not by engineers at their computers, but by skilled machinists, who recorded their own movements to "teach" machines to duplicate those movements. However, Noble’ s only evidence of conspiracy is
that, although the two approaches were roughly equal in technical merit, management chose N/C. From this he con- cludes that automation is undertaken not because efficiency demands it or scientific advances allow it, but because it is a tool in the ceaseless war of capitalists against labor.
The passage suggests which of the following about N/C automation in the machine-tool industry?
选项 A、It displaced fewer skilled workers than R/P automation did.
B、It could have been implemented either by experienced machinists or by computer engineers.
C、It was designed without the active involvement skilled machinists.
D、It was more difficult to design than R/P automation was.
E、It was technically superior to R/P automation.
答案C
解析 文中指出N／C自动化在机器工业中：N／C技术在原文的对比者是R／P技术，将后者特点取非即可：∴C正确，其设计过程没有熟练机械师的积极参与。见原文L25—30，R／P特点取非。A、B、D、E均不合原文推导。
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