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  3. By the 1820’s in the United States, when steamboats were common on western waters, these boats were mostly powered by engines bu

By the 1820’s in the United States, when steamboats were common on western waters, these boats were mostly powered by engines bu

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问题     By the 1820’s in the United States, when steamboats were common on western waters, these boats were mostly powered by engines built in the West (Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, or Louisville), and of a distinctive western design specially suited to western needs. The first steam engines  【21】______ practical use in England and the United States were  【22】______ low-pressure design. This was the type first  【23】______ by James Watt, then manufactured by the firm of Boulton and Watt. Steam was  【24】______ in a large, double-acting vertical cylinder, but the steam reached only a few pounds of pressure per square inch. It was low-pressure engines of this type that 【25】______ first introduced into the United States by Robert Fulton. He 【26】______ such a Boulton and Watt engine from England to run the Clermont. But this type of engine was ,expensive and complicated,  【27】______ many precision-fitted moving parts.
    The engine that became standard on western steamboats was of a different and  【28】______ design. It was the work primarily of an unsung hero of American industrial progress, Oliver Evans (1755-1819), the  【29】______ son of a Delaware farmer. Evans early became  【30】______ by the possibilities of mechanized production and steam power. As early as 1802 he  【31】______ a stationary steam engine of high-pressure design in his mill. Engines of this type were not  【32】______, but before Evans they were generally considered 【33】______ and dangerous. Within a decade the high-pressure engine, the new type, had become standard on western waters. Critics  【34】______ of western conditions often attacked it as wasteful and dangerous.
    But people who really knew the Ohio, the Missouri, and the Mississippi  【35】______, with good reasons, that it was the only engine for them. In  【36】______ western rivers the weight of vessel and engine  【37】______ important; a heavy engine added to the problem of navigation. The high-pressure engine was 【38】______lighter in proportion to horsepower, and, with less than half as many moving parts, was much easier and cheaper to repair. The main advantages of low-pressure engines were safe operation and  【39】______ of fuel consumption,  【40】______ of which meant much in the West.
选项 A、on
B、by
C、for
D、in
答案D
解析
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