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  3. All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly

All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly

admin2011-05-29  51
问题     All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activities and stays quiet and unmoving——if it looks as though it is sleeping——then why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?
    They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it responds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes, and fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with an eye partly open? Even humans have occasionally been observed to sleep with one or both eyes partially open. Animals do not necessarily lie down to sleep either. Elephants, for example, often sleep standing up, with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while "sleeping" animals often seem unaware of changes in the sounds and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either.
    Observations of animal behavior alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from doing experiments in sleep laboratories, using a machine called the electroencephalograph (EEC). The machine is connected to animals and measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat, and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEC, scientists have confirmed that all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do sleep. There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals, like chimpanzees, cats, and moles (who live underground), are good sleepers while others, like sheep, goats, and donkeys, are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals: they must always be watching for enemies, even when they are resting.  
How can researchers in "sleep laboratories" tell that the animals they are observing are asleep or not?
选项 A、They see if the animals respond to light and sound.
B、They do this by observing changes in the animals’ brain signals, breathing, heartbeat, and muscle activity.
C、They see if the animals’ eyes are closed.
D、They can tell this by seeing if the animals lie down or not.
答案B
解析 本题可参照第三段的“The answers come from... than when they appear to be awake.”从中可知，研究人员用一种叫做EEC的机器测量脑信号、呼吸、心跳和肌肉活动，以判断它们是否在睡觉，因为动物睡觉时和醒着时，测量结果是不一样的。因此B项是正确答案。
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