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  3. Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers o

Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers o

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问题 Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish harmful, or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspected before Cervantes’, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley, and people were aware of famine before Swift. It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the satiric method, that made them interesting and entertaining.
Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude.
Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth.   Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is sanctimonious,  sentimental, and only partially true.   Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it.
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答案 人们读讽刺文学是因为它在美学上是令人心满意足的艺术作品，并非因为它在道德上的完美无瑕或者在伦理上的有所启发。讽刺文学趣味盎然，令人耳目一新，因为它只是运用简单常识，辛言辣语，便将各种想入非非和人云亦云的观点一扫而光。讽刺文学生性不恭，它重塑视角，把人们耳熟能详的东西吊诡地拼凑在一起，其语言通常个性鲜明，绝非空洞乏味的老生常谈。 讽刺文学之所以存在是因为人们需要它。它之所以存续至今是因为读者喜欢用耳目一新的刺激和不事恭迎的提示来提醒自己，他们所生活的世界充满了陈腐的思想，低俗的道德，和愚蠢的哲学。讽刺文学的作用是让人领会真理，尽管它很少代表真理促成行动。讽刺文学告诉人们，他们在大众媒体中看到、听到、读到的往往虚伪矫饰，多愁善感，只有一部分是确凿事实。生活只在很小的程度上与大众的想象相似。
解析 1．画线部分第一段第一句的Satires are read应把被动语态变为主动语态，主语变为“人们”；汉语中非特指的第三人称类指多用单数，故文中指代讽刺文学的they和them宜根据汉语表达习惯，译为“它”。
2．画线部分第一段第二句中的stimulating在本文中并非“激人兴奋”之意，应取“趣味盎然”之意。
3．画线部分第二段第二句中，应格外注意代词的前后照应，英文用they来指代前文中出现的读者，但翻译成汉语，应依照汉语习惯，增译为“他们自己”。
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